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Pathology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

Cholinergic drug for Sjogren syndrome

A

Pilocarpine

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1
Q

Cholinergic drug for bowel and bladder atony

A

Bethanecol

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2
Q

Cholinergic drug for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It also differentiates MG from cholinergic crisis

A

Edrophonium

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3
Q

For reversal of nondepolarizing neuromuscular block

A

Neostigmine

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4
Q

Cholinergic drug For treatment of glaucoma

A

Physostigmine

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5
Q

Cholinergic drug for alzheimer’s

A

Danazol and tacrine

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6
Q

Manifestations of organophosphate poisoning?

A 
DUMBBELSS
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia, bronchospasm
Excitation (muscles & cns) 
Lacrimation
Sweating, salivation
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7
Q

Anticholinergic to induce mydriasis and cycloplegia

A

Tropicamide

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8
Q

Anticholinergic to treat bradycardia

A

Atropine

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9
Q

Antidote for organophosphate poisoning or nerve gas poisoning

A

Atropine plus pralidoxime

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10
Q

Anticholinergic for parkinson’s disease

A

Benztropine

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11
Q

Anticholinergic for COPD

A

Ipratropium

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12
Q

Anticholinergic drug for motion sickness

A

Scopolamine

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13
Q

Anticholinergic drug for gastrointestinal spasm

A

Hyoscyamine

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14
Q

Why is ipratropium the preferred bronchodilator in patients with COPD and heart disease?

A

Ipratropium is less likely to cause tachycardia and arrhythmia

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15
Q

Adrenergic drug for cardiac stress testing; acute CHF

A

Dobutamine

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16
Q

Ist line drug for cardiogenic shock or septic shock; for acute CHF

A

Dopamine

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17
Q

Last resort for shock

A

Norepinephrine

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18
Q

Adrenergic drug for nasal congestion and mydriasis, but without cycloplegia

A

Phenylephrine

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19
Q

Why phenylephrine doesn’t produce cycloplegia

A

It spares the ciliary muscle

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20
Q

Produces rebound hypertension upon discontinuation

A

Clonidine

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21
Q

DOC for anaphylactic shock

Also used for cardiac arrest and croup

A

Epinephrine

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22
Q

Adrenergic drug used for tocolysis of preterm labor

A

Terbutaline

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23
Q

MOA of terbutaline in tocolysis

A

It activates beta2 receptors w/c increases cAMP. The increased cAMP produces uterine smooth muscle relaxation

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24
Q

Adrenergic drug that causes hemolytic anemia (Coomb’s test positive)

Used in pre-eclampsia (maintenance medication)

A

Methyldopa

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25
Q

Beta blocker with longest half life

A

Nadolol

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26
Q

Beta blocker with shortest half life

A

Esmolol

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27
Q

Drugs to control BP in pheochromocytoma

A

Labetalol, phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine

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28
Q

To treat rebound HTN

A

Phentolamine

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29
Q

PREOPERATIVE drug in pheochromocytoma

A

Phenoxybenzamine

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30
Q

Anti-adrenergic for BPH

SE: orthostatic hypotension

A

Prazosin

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31
Q

Beta blockers with ISA

A

Pindolol, acebutolol

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32
Q

Beta blocker with B1 selectivity

A

Atenolol

33
Q

BB for glaucoma

A

Timolol

34
Q

BB with combined alpha and beta blockade

A

Labetalol

35
Q

Advantage of having A1 selectivity

A

Less reflex tachycardia and less severe

36
Q

First line drug for essential HTN

A

HCTZ

37
Q

AntiHTN drug for HTN with comorbid CHF/DM

SE: cough, angioedema

A

ACE inhibitors “prils”

38
Q

Drug used if patient cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors

A

ARBs “sartans”

39
Q

Drug used in pre-eclampsia (for acute lowering of BP),

SE: reflex tachycardia and drug-induced lupus

A

Hydralazine

40
Q

Used in HTN emergency but now used in hair loss due to SE: hypertrichinosis

A

Minoxidil

41
Q

Used in HTN emergency but can prduce cyanide poisoning

A

Nitroprusside

42
Q

antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

give amyl nitrite to induce metHb

43
Q

Give 2 CCB that produces gingival hyperplasia

A

Nifedipine and verapamil

44
Q

CCB that does not produce gingival hyperplasia

A

Diltiazem

45
Q

Give 2 anti-anginal drugs for acute relief of angina

A

NTG and ISDN

46
Q

Why do patients receiving nitrates experience throbbing headaches?

A

Due to vasodilation of the meningeal arteries

47
Q

CCB that has more effect on the vessels

A

Nifedipine

48
Q

CCB that has more effect on the heart

A

Diltiazem and verapamil

49
Q

Why is

Calcium dependent neurotransmission or hormone release not affected by CCB?

A

Because CCB block the L type calcium channels.

50
Q

Drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia

A

Verapamil, nifedipine, phenytoin, cyclosporin

51
Q

Cytochrome P450 inducers

A

Ethel Booba takes Phen-Phen, refuses greasy carb shakes

Ethanol, barbiturates, phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampicin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine, smoking, st. John’s wort

52
Q

Cytochrome P450 inhibitors

A

Inhibitors Stop Cyber Kids from Eating GRAPefruit Q

INH, Sulfonamides, cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, grapefruit, ritonavie, amiodarone, quinidine

53
Q

Positive inotrope for HF

SE; arrhythmias, color blindness, visual halos

A

Digoxin

54
Q

First line tx for pulmonary edema

A

Furosemide

55
Q

Improves survival in CHF

A 
Sus! ABA buhay kapa! 
Spironolactone
ACE inhibitor
BB 
ARBs
56
Q

Decreases hospitalization in CHF

A

Digoxin

57
Q

Antiarrhythmic for the treatment of all types of arrhythmia, WPW syndroe
SE: drug induced lupus

A

Procainamide

58
Q

Anti-arrhythmic that can produce cinchonism

A

Quinidine

59
Q

Used for postMI arrhythmias

SE: seizures

A

Lidocaine

60
Q

Contraindicated postMI

SE: refractory arrhythmias

A

Flecainide

61
Q

Used for perioperative and thyrotoxic arrhythmias, SVT

A

Esmolol

62
Q

Antiarrhythmic with SE: dose dependent torsade de pointes

A

Sotalol

63
Q

Most efficacious antiarrhythmic and also the most toxic

A

Amiodarone

64
Q

Manifestations of amiodarone toxicity

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, paresthesias, tremors, thyroid dysfunc, skin & corneal deposits

65
Q

Why are DHP CCB not useful as antiarrhythmics?

A

Coz they evoke SY discharge w/c facilitates arrhythmias

66
Q

A diuretic that acts on PCT

Tx of glaucoma & mountain sickness

A

Acetazolamide

67
Q

Side effects of acetazolamide

A

NAGMA & encephalopathy

68
Q

A diuretic that acts on TAL

Most efficacious diuretic

A

Furosemide

69
Q

Side effect of furosemide

A

Ototoxocity
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia

70
Q

Diuretic that acts on DCT

A

HCTZ

71
Q

Side effects of HCTZ

A

Hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia

HyperGLUC

72
Q

Diuretic that acts on CCD

A

Spironolactone

73
Q

Side effects of spironolactone

A

Gynecomastia, hyperkalemia

74
Q

Tx of increased ICP, rhabdomyolysis

contraindicated in HF

A

Mannitol

75
Q

Where does mannitol act on the nephron?

A

It acts on the PCT, DCT, CCD

76
Q

Adverse effects of loop diuretics

A

OH DANG

Ototoxcity, hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy to sulfa, nephritis, gout

77
Q

Drugs that cause gynecomastia

A

Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers

Spironolactone, digoxin, cimetidine, alcohol, ketoconazole

78
Q

Causes of HAGMA

A

MUDPILES

methanol, uremia, DKA, paraldehyde, INH, lactic acidosis, ethanol, salicylates

79
Q

Causes of NAGMA

A

HARD UP

hyperalimentation, acetazolamoide, RTA, diarrhea, ureteral diversion, pancreatic fistula

80
Q

K sparing diuretics

A

K- STAEs

Spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride, eplerenone

Pathology (2 decks)

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