Pharmacology Flashcards
(38 cards)
Tuberculosis
Signs and symptoms
Cough Night sweats Weight loss Hemoptysis Chest pain Fatigue Fever
Tuberculosis
Precautions
Varicella airborne
Airborne
Wear N-95 respirator
Donn gloves gown face shield
Isolate in negative pressure room
Isoniazid
Drug of choice in preventive therapy for TB, primary drug for use in combination therapy for active TB.
Side effects: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, stomach pain, weakness, dizziness, slurred speech,
Dosages: tablets, oral syrup, and injectable liquid
Rifampin (Rifadin)
Class: anti-tubercular agent
Used in combination with at least one more anti tuberculosis drug
It inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase activity in bacterial cells
Dosage: capsule, injectable powder
Pyrazinamide
Class: antitubercular
Bacteriostatic or bactericidal against M. Tuberculosis
Depending on amount of drug given
Advair diskus
Salmeterol/fluticasone
Class: respiratory combo, asthma, COPD
Dosage: powder and aerosol
Salmeterol (severent diskus)
Class: Beta2-agonists, Long acting Dosage: powder 50mcg/inhalation Asthma prevention and maintenance COPD maintenance Prevention of exercise induced asthma
Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin, Proair, AccuNeb)
Class: beta 2 adrenergic-agonist
Dosage: MDI- 2 puffs every 4-6 hrs DPI 200mcg every 4-6 hours NEB 2.5mg every 6-8 hrs
Side effects: tremors, nausea, fever, headache, cough, bronchospasm, epistaxis
Levabulterol (Xopenex)
Class: beta 2 agonist
Dosage: Nebulizer and Aerosol
Side effects: sinusitis, headaches, viral infections, tachycardia, dizziness, pharyngitis
Montelukast (singular)
Class: leukotrienne receptor antagonist, asthma
Dosage: tablet-10mg, tablet chewable-4mg or 5mg, oral granular 4mg/packet
Side effects: headache, abdominal pain, wheezing, viral infections, dizziness, fever
Used for prophylaxis and maintenance treatment
Albuterol/Ipratropium (Combivent Respimat, DuoNeb)
Class: respiratory inhalant combos
Dosage: aerosol 100mcg/20mcg, Nebulizer 2.5mg/0.5mg/3ml
Side effects: bronchitis, headache, dyspnea, pain, nausea, diarrhea
Treatment of COPD in patients needing an additional inhaler
Budenoside/Formotorol (Symbicort)
Class: respiratory inhalant combos
Dosage: aerosol 80mcg/4.5mcg/actuation, 160mcg/4.5mcg/actuation
Side effects: Headache, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), oral candidiasis, stomach discomfort
Treatment in patient who needs long acting beta agonist (LABA) and inhaled corticosteroids
Prednisone (Rayos, Deltasone, prednisone intensol)
Class: corticosteroids
Dosage: oral solution 5mg/5ml, tablet 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50mg, tablet delayed release 1, 2, 5mg
Side effects: crazy wife, high Bp, high blood sugar, psychosis, manic behaviors, aggression, never stop this med, finish the whole pack, you could get adrenal insufficiency DEATH
Fluticasone Inhaled
Class: corticosteroid, inhalants
Dosage: aerosol 44mcg/actuation, 110mcg/actuation, 220mcg/actuation, Powder 50mcg/ actuation, 100mcg/actuation, 250mcg/actuation
Side effects: Oral candidiasis, throat irritation, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), headache, fatigue
Maintenance treatment
Autonomic nervous system
Not under voluntary control
Regulates metabolism and the vital signs
Made up of two branches: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
The Sympathetic nervous system
Fight or flight
Adrenaline (epinephrine) is released by the adrenal glands in times of emergency
3 receptors that are effect by adrenaline and related medicine
1. A1-located in the blood vessels of the mucous membranes. Vasoconstriction occurs when A1- receptors are stimulated
2. B1- located in the heart. Tachycardia, increased stroke volume, and possible arrhythmia when stimulated.
3. B2- located in the airways. Bronchodilation results when stimulated
Ultra short acting bronchodilators
Drug name. Brand name. Receptor
Epinephrine. Adrenaline. A, B
Isoetharine Isoetharine HCl. B2
Racemic epinephrine. microNephrine, A, B
Vaponephrine, AsthmaNefrin, Nephron
Short acting bronchodilators
Metaproterenol (Alupent, Metaprel), B2 receptor, onset 1-5 min, peak 60 min, 2-6 hrs
Pirbuterol (MaxairAutohaler), B2 receptor, onset 5 min, peak 30 min, duration 5 hrs
Terbutaline (Brethair, Bricanyl, Brethine), B2 receptor, onset 5-30 min, peak 30-60 min, duration 3-6 hrs
Intermediate acting bronchodilators
Albuterol (Proventil, HFA AccuNeb, VentolinHFA, ProAir HFA, VoSpire ER tabs), B2 receptor, onset 15min, peak 30-60 min, duration 5-8 hr
Levabulterol (Xopenex, Xopenex HFA, Xopenex Pediatric) B2 receptor, onset 15 min, peak 30-60 min, duration 5-8 hours
Long acting bronchodilators
Arformoterol (Brovana), B2 receptor, onset 15 min, peak 30-60, duration 12 hrs
Formoterol (Foradil, Performist), B2 receptor, onset 15 min, peak 30-60 min, duration 12 hrs,
Salmeterol (Serevent evoHaler HFA, Serevent Diskus), B2 receptor, onset 20 min, peak 3-5 hrs, duration 12 hrs
Sympathomimetic (inhaled adrenergic agents)
Beta-agonist Beta-adrenergic agonist Catecholamines Sympathomimetic amines Sympathomimetic bronchodilators B(beta)-adrenergic bronchodilators
Parasympathothlytic (inhaled anticholinergic agents)
Ipratropium (Atrovent HFA), onset 15 min, peak 1-2 hrs, duration 4-6 hrs Ipratropium Bromide (Combivent, DuoNeb) onset 15 min and albuterol, peak 1-2 hrs, duration 4-6 hrs Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva HandiHaler) onset 30 min, peak 3 hrs, duration 24 hrs
Anti inflammatory agents
Inhaled corticosteroids
Cromolyn sodium
Leukotrienne modifiers
Inhaled corticosteroids
Beclomethasone dipropionate HFA (QVAR)
Budesonide (Pulmicort Turbohaler, Flexhaler, and Respules)
Budesonide and Formoterol fumarate HFA (Symbicort)
Flunisolide hemihydrate HFA (Aerospan)
Fluticasone propionate (Flovent HFA, Flovent Diskus)
Fluticasone propionate and Salmeterol (Advair Diskus)
Mometasone furoate (Asmanex Twisthaler
Triamcinolone acetonide (Azmacort)
