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Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are short acting benzodiazepines?

A

Alprazolam
Triazolam
Oxazepam
Midazolam

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2
Q

What medication should be used for ADHD?

A

Stimulants (e.g. methylphenidate)

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3
Q

What medication should be used for Bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine (mood stabilizers)

Atypical antipsychotics

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4
Q

What medication should be used for Bulimia?

A

SSRIs

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5
Q

What medication should be used for Depression?

A

SSRIs

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6
Q

What medication should be used for Generalized Anxiety disorder?

A

SSRIs

SNRIs

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7
Q

What medication should be used for Alcohol withdrawal

A

Long acting benzos (diazepam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide)

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8
Q

What medication should be used for OCD?

A

SSRIs

Clomipramine

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9
Q

What medication should be used for Panic disorder?

A

SSRIs
Venlafaxine
Benzos

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10
Q

What medication should be used for PTSD?

A

SSRIs

Venlafaxine

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11
Q

What medication should be used for Schizophrenia?

A

Atypical antipsychotics

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12
Q

What medication should be used for Social phobias?

A

SSRIs

Beta-blockers

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13
Q

What medication should be used for Tourette syndrome?

A

Antipsychotics (fluphenazine, pimozide)
Tetrabenazine
Clonidine

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of CNS stimulants (methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine)?

A

Increase catecholamines in synaptic cleft, especially norepinephrine and dopamine

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15
Q

What are clinical uses of CNS stimulants?

A

ADHD, narcolepsy

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16
Q

Name the typical anti-psychotics

A

Haloperidol
+ “azines”

Trifluoperazine
Fluphenazine
Thioridazine
Chlorpromazine

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of typical antipsychotics?

A

Block dopamine D2 receptors

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18
Q

What are clinical uses of typical antipsychotics?

A

Schizophrenia (primarily positive symptoms)
Psychosis
Acute mania
Tourette syndrome

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19
Q

What are major side effects of typical antipsychotics?

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms - tardive dyskinesia

Endocrine side effects - DA antagonism –> hyperprolactinemia –> galactorrhea

Anticholinergic side effects - dry mouth, constipation

QT prolongation

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - rare

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome (due to typical antipsychotic use)?

A

Mnemonic: FEVER

  • Fever
  • Encephalopathy
  • Vitals unstable
  • Enzymes increase
  • Rigidity of muscles
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21
Q

Name the atypical antipsychotics

A

Mnemonic: It’s ATYPICAL for OLd CLOSets to QUIETly RISPER from A to Z

Olanzapine
Clozapine
Quetiapine
Risperidone
Ariprazole
Ziprasidone
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22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics?

Study These Flashcards
A

Varied effects on 5-HT2, dopamine, and alpha- and histamine1- receptors

23
Q

What are clinical uses of atypical antipsychotics?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Schizophrenia - positive AND negative symptoms
Bipolar disorder
OCD
Anxiety disorder
Depression
Mania
Tourette syndrome
24
Q

Compare the side effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics

Study These Flashcards
A

Typical - Extrapyramidal and anticholinergic side effects

Atypical - fewer EPS and anticholinergic effects, but more weight gain due to effects at other receptors

Both cause QT prolongation

25
What is a specific side effect of Clozapine?
Agranulocytosis (requires weekly WBC monitoring)
26
What is a specific side effect of Risperidone?
Increase prolactin --> galactorrhea and gynecomastia | Increase prolactin --> decreased GnRH, LH, and FSH --> irregular menstruation and fertility issues
27
What are clinical uses of Lithium?
Mood stabilizer - bipolar disorder to prevent manic events
28
What are side effects of Lithium?
Mnemonic: My HO is NeeDI and Pregnant Movement - tremor HypOthyroidism Nephriogenic Diabetes Insipidus Pregnancy problems - Ebstein anomaly
29
What is the mechanism of action of Buspirone?
Stimulates 5-HT1A receptors
30
What are clinical uses of Buspirone?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Mnemonic: always anxious if the BUS will be ON time, so take BUSpirONe
31
What is an advantage that Buspirone has over benzos and barbiturates?
Does not interact with alcohol
32
Name the SSRIs
Fluoxetine Paroxetine Sertraline Citalopram Mnemonic: FLashbacks PARalyze SEnior CITizens
33
What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (duh)
34
What are the clinical uses of SSRIs?
``` Depression GAD Panic disorder OCD Bulimia Social phobias PTSD ```
35
What are common side effects of SSRIs?
GI distress SIADH Sexual dysfunction
36
What is Serotonin syndrome?
Caused by any drug that increases 5-HT (SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, TCAs) Most commonly occurs when SSRIs and MAOIs given together Symptoms include: - Hyperthermia - Confusion - Myoclonus - CV instability - Flushing - Diarrhea - Seizures
37
When do SSRIs take effect?
4-8 weeks
38
Name the SNRIs
Venlafaxine | Duloxetine
39
What is the mechanism of action of SNRIs?
Inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
40
What are clinical uses of SNRIs?
Depression - both Venlafaxine - GAD, panic disorder, PTSD Duloxetine - diabetic peripheral neuropathy
41
Name the Tricyclic Antidepressants
``` Amitriptyline Nortriptyline Imipramine Desipramine Clomipramine Doxepin Amoxapine ```
42
What is the mechanism of action of TCAs?
Inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
43
What are side effects of TCAs?
Mnemonic: TRI - C's Convulsions Coma Cardiotoxicity
44
Name the MAOIs
Tranylcypromine Phenelzine Isocarboxazid Selegiline (selective MAO-B)
45
What is the mechanism of action of MAOIs?
Inhibit MAO, preventing breakdown of amine neurotransmitters and thereby increasing their levels (NE, 5HT, DA)
46
What is a major side effects of MAOIs?
Hypertensive crisis with ingestion of tyramine (wine, cheese, fava beans, liver)
47
What is Bupropion commonly used for?
Smoking cessation
48
What is the mechanism of action of Mirtzapine?
Alpha-2 antagonist (increase release of NE and 5HT) | 5HT2 and 5HT3 receptor antagonist
49
What is the mechanism of action of Trazodone?
Inhibits 5HT2 and alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
50
What is Mirtazapine commonly used for?
Depression - especially in patients with insomnia or who need to gain weight (causes weight gain)
51
What is Trazodone commonly used for?
Insomnia
52
What are main side effects of Trazodone?
Called trazoBONE - priapism
53
What are clinical uses of MAOIs?
Atypical depression
54
What is the treatment for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?
Dantrolene (muscle relaxant)

Behavioral Science (3 decks)

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