Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pulm > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

(150 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

epinephrine

A

B > alpha agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ephedrine

A

indirect adrenergic agonist, release stored catecholamines (stimulate B for lung effects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

isoproterenol

A

B1 and B2 agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

albuterol

A

B2 agonist

short acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

terbutaline

A

B2 agonist

short acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

salmeterol

A

B2 agonist
long acting
used with steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

formeterol

A

B2 agonist
long acting
used with steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

atropine

A

M antagonist

Tx: asthma/COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ipratropium

A

M antagonist
poorly absorbed with no significant systemic effects
Tx: COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tiotropium

A

M antagonist
long acting
poorly absorbed with no significant systemic effects
Tx: COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Umeclidinium

A

M3 antagonist

Tx: COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

theophylline

A

methylxanthine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

aminophylline

A

methylxanthine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cromolyn sodium

A

Mast cell stabilizer: inhibits mast cell degranulation
alter chloride channel activity, inhibit eosinophilic inflammatory response, inhibit cough, reduces bronchial hyperactivity
AE: (no systemic toxicity) tracheal irritation (cough, bronchospasm), bad taste
RARE: chest pain, restlessness, hypotension, arrhythmia, N/V, CNS depression, seizure, anorexia
PROPHYLAXIS: asthma/COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

methylxanthines

A

related to CAFFEINE
PDE inhibition (decrease cAMP degradation)
adenosine antagonist (strengthens diaphragm, inhibits bronchoconstriction)
decrease release of histamine
AE:
5-10 ug/mL serum: N/V, nervous, headache, insomnia
>20 ug/mL: vomit, HYPOKALEMIA, hyperglycemia, tachycardia, arrhythmia, tremor, neuromuscular irritability, seizures
Tx: asthma/COPD
CI: caffeine, CV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

B agonist

A

bronchodilator: increase cAMP
inhibitory effect on release of mediators from mast cell, inhibit microvascular permeability, stimulate mucociliary clearance
Tx: asthma/COPD
AE: N/V, headache
decrease BP, increase HR and cardiac arrhythmias, HYPOKALEMIA-QT prolongation, PaO2 decrease, CNS toxic effects (agitation, convulsions, coma, respiratory and vasomotor collapse), HYPERGLYCEMIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

M antagonist

A

reduces bronchoconstriction, decreases mucus, enhances B2 bronchodilation
AE: pupillary dilation, cycloplegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

budesonide

A

corticosteroid

give with FORMOTEROL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fluticasone

A

corticosteroid

give with SALMETEROL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mometasone

A

corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

beclomethasone

A

corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ciclesonide

A

corticosteroid
oral inhalation
prodrug of des-ciclesonide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

prednisone

A

corticosteroid

oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

prednisolone

A

corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
methyprednisolone
corticosteroid
26
dexamathasone
corticosteroid | oral or IV
27
corticosteroids
anti-inflammatory MoA: decrease inflammatory cytokines (NFkB, HDAC2), reduce mucus secretion, reduces bronchial hyperactivity, enhance B2 agonist effect), reduce GATA into nucleus (suppress TH2 cell activity), inhibits PLA2 inhaled AE: oral candidiasis, hoarse, dry mouth, decrease growth (children), decrease bone density (premenopausal women) oral AE: glucose intolerence, HTN, weight gain, bone demineralization, cataracts, immunosuppression, retarded growth (children), cushingoid syndrome AE: HYPERGLYCEMIA Tx: ASTHMA, wegners granulomatosis not as much COPD
28
leukotriene receptor blocker
block LTD4: decrease bronchial reactivity and bronchoconstriction, decrease mucosal hyper secretion and mucosal edema, decrease inflammation AE: GI PROPHYLAXIS: asthma/COPD
29
monteleukast
leukotriene receptor blocker AE: laryngitis, pharyngitis, nausea, otitis, sinusitis, viral infections CI: possible suicide ideation
30
zafirlukast
leukotriene receptor blocker | AE: headache, elevated liver enzymes
31
zileuton
leukotriene synthesis inhibitor (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4): decrease sm. muscle contraction and vessel permeability, reduce leukocyte migration AE: elevated hepatic enzymes CI: CYP1A2 (interacts with theophylline) PROPHYLAXIS: asthma/COPD
32
omalizumab
anti-IgE Ab (use with steroid) AE: allergic rxn, injection reaction, sore throat/cold sym. CI: cardiac complications, avoid concurrent agents Tx: asthma/COPD
33
B2 receptor
Gs | stimulate AC - cAMP - PKA - increase EPAC and decrease MLCK
34
first generation antihistamines
short lived SEDATION anticholinergic side effects: DON'T give to asthmatics (thickening/drying of mucosa) mild effect of GI peristalsis AE: serotonergic: increase appetite adrenergic: hypotension, tachycardia antimuscarinic: dry mouth, urinary retention, tachycardia, constipation, blurred vision minor not clinically important: QT prolongation, ventricular arrhythmia other AE: resp. distress, potentiation of nasal congestion Tx: allergy, nausea, insomnia, allergic rhinitis CI: MAOI, COPD, asthma, peptic ulcer, BPH
35
second generation antihistamines
longer action no sedation or anticholinergic SE Tx: urticaria, seasonal allergic rhinitis
36
diphenhydramine
1st gen: H1 antagonist suppresses cough reflex by acting directly on cough center Tx: cough, anaphylaxis, parkinsonism (not sure if just this one or all H1 antagonists) HIGHLY sedating
37
dimenhydrinate
1st gen: H1 antagonist Tx: anaphylaxis HIGHLY sedating
38
clemastine
1st gen: H1 antagonist | HIGHLY sedating
39
chlorpheniramine
1st gen: H1 antagonist
40
brompheniramine
1st gen: H1 antagonist | Tx: urticaria
41
triprolidine
1st gen: H1 antagonist
42
promethazine
1st gen: H1 antagonist AE: IV use gangrene, breathing problems in children HIGHLY sedating
43
cyclizine
1st gen: H1 antagonist
44
meclizine
1st gen: H1 antagonist
45
hydroxyzine
1st gen: H1 antagonist | Tx: N/V, pruritis
46
tripelennamine
1st gen: H1 antagonist
47
loratadine
2nd gen: H1 antagonist
48
terfenadine
2nd gen: H1 antagonist | ANTIFUNGALS: fatal arrhythmia
49
astemizole
2nd gen: H1 antagonist ANTIFUNGALS: fatal arrhythmia
50
acrivastine
2nd gen: H1 antagonist
51
cetirizine
2nd gen: H1 antagonist
52
telemastine
2nd gen: H1 antagonist
53
3rd generation antihistamines
greater binding to H1 early gen drugs modified non sedating, fewer antimuscarinic effects Tx: allergic conjunctivitis, saesonal allergic rhinits
54
desloratadine
2nd gen H1 antagonist | long half life
55
olopatadine
3rd gen: H1 antagonist inhibits histamine, PGD2, and tryptase release from mast cell Tx: OCULAR rhinitis
56
levocabastine
3rd gen: H1 antagonist | most potent and specific
57
azelastine
3rd gen: H1 antagonist inhibits histamine and leukotriene receptors blocks Ca mobilization and 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibits PAF receptor
58
emedastine
3rd gen: H1 antagonist | asthmatic use
59
mizolastine
3rd gen: H1 antagonist | anti PAF and LTD4
60
ebastine
3rd gen: H1 antagonist | anti leukotriene and antibradykinin
61
indacaterol
long acting bronchodilator | Tx: COPD
62
vilanterol/fluticasone
B2 agonist: long acting | Tx: COPD
63
doxopram
ICU only: narrow margin of safety respiratory stimulant: activates PERIPHERAL carotid receptors AE: HTN, tachycardia, arrhythmias, seizures Tx: respiratory depression; acute hypercapnia in COPD
64
Drugs CI in respiratory disease
sedatives B blockers COX inhibitors ACE inhibitors
65
ambrisentan
endothelin-1 antagonist | AE: peripheral edema
66
sildenafil
PDE-5 inhibitor AE: epistaxis, flush, insomnia, dizziness with sudden hearing loss CYP2C9
67
tadalafil
PDE-5 inhibitor | AE: back pain, change in color vision (NAION)
68
diltiazem
Ca Channel Blocker | AE: bradycardia, HA
69
nifedipine
Ca Channel Blocker | AE: flushing, heartburn
70
amlodipine
Ca Channel Blocker | AE: fatigue
71
bosentan
endothelin-1 antagonist AE: liver enzymes, anemia, nasopharyngitis interaction: cyclosporine, glyburide
72
ivacaftor
``` improves Cl transport through mutated channels CFTR G551D mutation metab: CYP3A4/5, inhibits CYP3A4, P-gp AE: URTI symptoms, GI, rash Tx: CF EXPENSIVE ```
73
lumacaftor
``` protein conformation stabilizer: improves delivery of more fully functional portent apical surface of cell CFTR G551D mutation induces CYP3A4 AE: URTI symptoms, GI, rash Tx: CF EXPENSIVE with IVACAFTOR ```
74
poractant alfa
surfactant | Tx: preterm immature lungs
75
calfactant
surfactant | Tx: preterm immature lungs
76
beractant
surfactant | Tx: preterm immature lungs
77
methotrexate
DHFR inhibitor, inhibits AICAR (adenosine accumulation leading to immunosuppression) AE: myelosuppression, hepatic, PULMONARY FIBROSIS, derm., TERATOGEN, malignant lymphoma, nephrotoxic Tx: sarcoidosis, SCLC
78
rituximab
mAb to CD20 AE: HTN, asthenia, pruritis, urticaria, rhinitis, arthralgia Tx: wegners granulomatosis
79
azathioprine
prodrug for 6- mercaptopurine: decrease de novo purine synthesis activated by HGPRT AE: myelosuppression Tx: wegners granulomatosis CI: ALLOPURINOL or febuxostat (metabolized by xanthine oxidase)
80
cyclophosphamide
alkylating agent Tx: wegners granulomatosis, SCLC (off label) AE: HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS (give MESNA), myelosuppression, infertility, malignancies, pulm. fibrosis, renal
81
epoprostenol
``` prostanoid portable infusion pump AE: catheter infection Tx: PAH (IMPROVE SURVIVAL) SE: jaw pain, diarrhea, arthralgia pump: infection, thrombosis, pump malfunction ```
82
iloprost
prostanoid | AE: cough, tongue/back pain, hemoptysis
83
teprostinil
prostanoid AE: jaw pain, vasodilation, N/D, injection reaction CI: CYP2C8 drugs (gemfibrozil decreases clearance, rifampin increases it)
84
platinum drugs
intrastrand crosslinks Tx: SCLC (off label) AE: allergic rxn
85
taxanes
binds B-tubulin and prevents depolymerization Tx: NSCLC AE: peripheral neruopathy
86
vinca alkaloids
binds B-tubulin and prevents polymerization
87
folic acid analogs
DHFR inhibitors
88
EGFR TKI
oral: CYP interactions ATP binding site inhibits phosphorylation of dimerized TK receptors and leads to apoptosis Tx: lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR phenotype AE: SEVERE bradyarrhythmia, QT prolongation, STEVEN JOHNSON SYNDROME, GI PERFORATION, hepatic, interstitial lung disease, PE, corneal perforation, corneal keratitis CI: PREGNANCY, breastfeeding res: KRAS, BRAF mutation, MET phosphorylation of tyrosine AE: RASH chromosome: 19 or 21 mutation
89
ALK TKI
oral: CYP interactions ATP binding site inhibits ALK TK: EML4-ALK fusion gene produces oncogene that activates MEK/ERK pathway and cell proliferation Tx: lung adenocarcinoma with EML4-ALK phenotype AE: SEVERE bradyarrhythmia, QT prolongation, STEVEN JOHNSON SYNDROME, GI PERFORATION, hepatic, interstitial lung disease, PE, corneal perforation, corneal keratitis CI: PREGNANCY
90
cisplatin
platinum durg Tx: NSCLC AE: nephrotoxic, ototoxic
91
docetaxel
taxane | AE: edema (use steroids), neutropenia
92
paclitaxel
taxane | AE: myelosuppresion,
93
gemcitabine
pyrimidine analog: DNA pol inhibitor Tx: NSCLC AE: myelosuppresion, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, drowsy/fatigue, arthralgia
94
pemetrexed
DHFR inhibitor Tx: NSCLC AE: hepatic, myelosuppression, GI
95
vinorelbine
vinca alkaloid Tx: NSCLC AE: myelosuppression, neutorpenia CI: intrathecal injection
96
irinotecan
DNA topo 1 complex stabilizer Tx: NSCLC, SCLC (off label) AE: asthenia
97
doxorubicin
1. intercalator 2. free radical generator 3. topo II inhibitor Tx: SCLC AE: CARDIOTOXICITY, hepatic, other malignancies, EXTRAVASIONAL NECROSIS
98
etoposide (VP-16)
topo II inhibitor: complex stabilizer Tx: SCLC AE: HEMATOLOGIC
99
topotecan
DNA Topo I complex stabilizer Tx: SCLC AE: hyperbilirubinemia
100
carboplatin
platinum drug | AE: myelosuppression, blood dyscrasia, hepatic
101
ifosfamide
alkylating agentz: intra and inter Tx: SCLC AE: blood dycrasias, neurotoxic, hematuria renal failure
102
vincristine
vinca alkaloid Tx: SCLC AE: peripheral neuropathy
103
afatinib
EGFR TKI | AE: diarrhea, loss of appetite
104
erlotinib
EGFR TKI | AE: CV, edema, loss of appetite, elevated hepatic enzymes, ophthalmic toxicity, neurotoxic
105
getfitinib
EGFR TKI | AE: N/V/D, elevated hepatic enzymes, ophthalmic, neuro, renal
106
ceritinib
ALK TKI | AE: constipation, NVD, fatigue, loss of appetite, elevated hepatic enzymes, hematologic, hyperglycemia
107
bevacizumab
VEGF inhibitor (false VEGF receptor) Tx: non-squamous NSCLC with phenotype AE: wound healing, life treathening HEMORRHAGE, HAND-FOOT syndrome, endocrine, near, proteinuria, TE FISTULA, PE/DVT, PAH, fatigue CI: SQUAMOUS lung cancer (cavitation predisposes) works well with CARBOPLATIN
108
nivolumab
immune checkpoint inhibitor PD1 inhibitor: PD1 down regulates T cell activity during immune response Tx: NSCLC (adenocarcinoma) after failure of platinum based Tx AE: rash, HYPERkalemia/HYPOnatremia, constipation, decreased appetite, NV, elevated hepatic enzymes, musculoskeletal pain, cough, resp, infection, fatigue CI: PREGNANCY
109
dextromethorphan
acts directly on cough center in medulla CYP2D6 into active metabolite AE: hallucinations, dizzy, drowsy, insomnia, irritable/excitable Tx: cough CI: MAOI, resp. insuffiency, hepatic, allergy to product
110
codeine
mu receptor: acts directly on cough center 10% to morphine by CYP2D6 Tx: cough AE: constipation, sedation, histamine release, orthostatic hypotension, dizzy, resp. distress CI: hypersensitivity, premature labor, pregnancy, BPH, sedatives, ARDS, asthma, COPD, recent tonsil/adenoid surgery, CONSTIPATION
111
camphor
topical Tx of cough | do NOT use in nostrils, under nose or by mouth
112
menthol
topical Tx of cough | do NOT use in nostrils, under nose or by mouth
113
guaifenesin
expectorant: stimulates bronchial gland secretion: loosens and thins AE: dizzy, dry mouth, rash, uric acid NEPHROLITHIASIS, stomach pain CI: hypersensitivity
114
alpha 1 agonist
increases smooth muscle contraction, mydriasis, increase sphincter contraction Tx: decongestant AE: HTN, bradycardia, REBOUND CONGESTION CI: heart block, hypothyroidism, bradycardia, HTN
115
pseudoephedrine
alpha 1 agonist and release NE AE: tachycardia, arrhythmia, CNS (restless, insomnia, anxiety, tremor, etc.), CI: ventricular tachycardia, elderly, children metab: MOA, COMT, N-demethylation
116
oxymetazoline
alpha 1 agonist
117
phenylephrine
alpha 1 agonist
118
levamfetamine
inhaled decongestant
119
benzadrex
inhaled decongestant
120
iodides-iodinated glycerol
SSKI: saturated solution of potassium iodide expectorant: increase serous fluid
121
bromohexine
expectorant: secrolytic
122
acetyl cysteine
expectorant: mucolytic: free sulfhydryl group opens mucus disulfide bonds AE: bronchospasm Tx: Tylenol overdose, chest congestion CI: asthma (unless used with bronchodilator), antibiotics
123
dornase alfa
DNase: breaks extracellular DNA molecules of bronchial secretions into smaller fragments Tx: CF, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis AE: voice alteration, pharyngitis/laryngitis, rash, chest pain, conjunctivitis AE: hypersensitivity to Chinese Hamster Ovary cells
124
amiloride
diuretic: blocks Na channel: prevents dehydration of mucus Tx: CF, bronchial asthma
125
denufosol tetrasodium
binds P2Y2 receptor: inhibits ENaC transport and activates Cl secretion: enhances mucosal hydration and mucus clearance Tx: CF
126
prostanoids
PG's: vasodilation and reduce inflammation Tx: PAH AE: hypotension, muscle pain/cramp, flushing, HA CI: anti-thrombolytics
127
endothelin-1 antagonists
``` blocks pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and smooth muscle cell proliferation AE: TERATOGEN, HA CYP, OATP, PGP substrates Tx: PAH interaction: cyclosporin, glyburide ```
128
PDE-5 inhibitors
prevent breakdown of cGMP: vasodilation and reduced cellular proliferation Tx: PAH AE: HA, indigestion CI: organic nitrates, CYP interactions (3A4)
129
Ca channel blocker
block Ca into smooth muscle: vasodilation AE: edema, hypotension CYP 3A4 substrate must pass vasodilator challenge: decrease PAP without decrease in CO Tx: PAH
130
crizotinib
ALK TKI | AE: CV, edema, constipation, NVD, ophthalmic toxicity
131
bupropion
unclear: NE/DA reuptake inhibitor smoking cessation: better than nicotine replacement AE: insomnia, dry mouth, nausea, suicidal ideation
132
varenicline
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist; release of dopamine smoking cessation: BEST AE: nausea, depression, suicidal ideation, emotional lability
133
clonidine
``` smoking cessation (off label): anti-HTN drug: blocks cravings, anxiety, restlessness, tensioning hunger AE: sedation, dry mouth, dizziness ```
134
mecamylamine
``` smoking cessation (off label): ganglionic blocker (nicotinic receptor antagonist) AE: orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, sedation, constipation, dry mouth, N/V CI: coronary or renal insufficiency, glaucoma, uremia ```
135
naltrexone
smoking cessation (off label): opiate receptor antagonist
136
nicotine replacement therapy
smoking cessation: central nicotinic agonist
137
nicotine replacement therapy PATCH
12 week step down AE: applicationsite, HA, flu like symptoms CI: CVD, DM, hepatic impairment, peptic ulcers, pheochromocytoma, hyperthyroidism, smoking (increase CV risk)
138
nicotine replacement therapy GUM
12 week course AE: jaw pain, orodental probs, HA, indigestion, nausea CI: exceeding 24 pieces in a day can cause ADDICTION
139
nicotine replacement therapy INHALER
12 week course: prescription needed | AE: irritation in mouth, HA, nausea, heartburn, hiccups
140
nicotine replacement therapy NASAL SPRAY
12 week course min. | AE: nostril irritation, HA, Nausea, heartburn, hiccups
141
nicotine replacement therapy ORAL LOZENGE
nicotinic agonist
142
riocigat
stimulate guanylate cyclase: incrase cGMP | Tx: PAH
143
macitentan
endothelin-1 antagonist
144
warfarin
anticoagulant of choice for PAH | may IMPROVE SURVIVAL
145
Small cell lung cancer tx
Etiposide (iranotecan) and a platinum drug
146
Squamous cell lung carcinoma Tx
Platinum drug with one of these three (topo drug or a taxol or vinca)
147
EGFR adenocarcinoma tx
Gefitnib Erlotinib Afatinib
148
ALK adenocarcinoma
Certizinib | After failure try other c-nib
149
Adenocarcinoma Tx
Platinum drugs and (topo or vinca or taxanes)
150
Large cell carcinoma Tx
Platinum drug and (topo or vinca or taxane)

Pulm (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions