Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hematology & Anaphylaxis > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the mechanism of action for ASA?

A

Inactivates cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme which decreases the production of prostaglandins in the tissue, blocking the pain receptors sensitivity and decreases inflammation. Due to the inactivation of COX, thromboxane A2 production is also inhibited, which is responsible for platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the indications for ASA?

A

Acute coronary syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the contraindications of ASA? (3)

A

GI bleed
Asthmatics sensitive to ASA
Hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the dosage of ASA

A

160-325mg PO (chewed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the side effects of ASA? (5)

A 
Indigestion
Gastric bleeding
Urticaria
Anaphylaxis
Nausea/vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the precautions of ASA?

A

Patients on other platelet inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the classification of epinephrine? (2)

A

Sympathomimetic

Adrenergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of epinephrine? (7)

A

Stimulates alpha and beta receptors
Increases heart rate
Increases AV conduction
Increases force of myocardial contractility
Increases vasoconstriction (increases SVR)
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
Increases coronary and cerebral blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the indications of epinephrine?

A

Anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the contraindications of epinephrine?

A

No contraindications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the adult dosage of epinephrine? (2)

A
  1. 3-0.5mg SQ/IM 1:1000 q 5-20 min

0. 1mg IV 1:10000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pediatric dosage of epinephrine?

A

0.01mg/kg IM/SQ max 0.3 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the side effects of epinephrine? (7)

A 
Anxiety
Headache
HTN
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Tremors
Chest pain
Nausea/vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the precautions of epinephrine? (4)

A

Cardiovascular disease
Elderly patients
Hypertension
Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the classification of glucagon?

A

Pancreatic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of glucagon? (2)

A

Stimulates the release of glycogen from the liver for glycogenolysis
Smooth muscle relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the indications of glucagon? (3)

A

Hypoglycemia
Beta blocker overdose
Esophageal foreign body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the contraindications of glucagon? (2)

A

Hypersensitivity

Pheochromocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the adult dosage of glucagon for hypoglycemia?

A

1mg IM/SQ/IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the pediatric dosage of glucagon for hypoglycemia?

A

0.5mg IM/IV/SQ (

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the adult dosage of glucagon for a beta blocker overdose?

A

2-5mg IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the pediatric dosage of glucagon for a beta blocker overdose?

A

0.5mg IM/IV/SQ (

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the adult dosage of glucagon for an esophageal foreign body?

A

1mg IM/IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the pediatric dosage of glucagon for esophageal foreign body?

A

0.5mg IM/IV/SQ (

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the side effects of glucagon? (4)
Nausea/vomiting Rebound hyperglycemia Hypotension Tachycardia
26
What are the precautions of glucagon? (2)
Effective only if there are sufficient stores of glycogen within the liver Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular or renal disease
27
What is the classification of oral glucose?
Sugar
28
What is the mechanism of action of oral glucose? (2)
Provides glucose content for regular cell metabolism Usually absorbed through mucus membranes
29
What are the indications of oral glucose?
BGL
30
What are the contraindications of oral glucose? (2)
Unable to maintain their own airway Altered LOC
31
What is the dose of oral glucose?
1 tube orally/buccal PRN
32
What are the side effects of oral glucose?
None
33
What are the precautions of oral glucose?
None
34
What is the classification of nitroglycerin? (3)
Anti-angina Vascular smooth muscle relaxer Vasodilator
35
What is the mechanism of action of nitroglycerin? (2)
Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, there by dilating the veins and arterioles, causing blood pooling, which reduces preload Reduces left ventricular systolic wall tension, which decreases afterload
36
What are the indications of nitroglycerin? (2)
Possible ischemia due to: unstable angina or AMI Pulmonary edema
37
What are the contraindications of nitroglycerin? (6)
``` Hypotension Severe bradycardia Severe tachycardia Increase in ICP Increase intracranial hemorrhage Patients that have taken ED medications ```
38
What is the dose of nitroglycerin (2)
0.4mg SL q 5 min Infusion: 5.0 mcg/min titrate to effect increasing 5.0-10.0 mcg/min q 5-10 min
39
What are the side effects of nitroglycerin? (8)
``` Headaches Hypotension Bradycardia Postural syncope Weakness Dizziness Nausea/vomiting Reflex tachycardia ```
40
What are the precautions of nitroglycerin?
Administration to right ventricular infarct patients can result in severe hypotension
41
What is the classification of salbutamol? (2)
Bronchodilator Sympathomimetic B-2 agonist
42
What is the mechanism of action of salbutamol?
Selective B-2 stimulation allows for smooth muscle relaxation of the bronchioles. Also has some B-1 affects causing an increase in HR
43
What are the indications of salbutamol?
Bronchoconstriction
44
What are the contraindications of salbutamol? (2)
Relative ischemic chest pain Hypersensitivity
45
What are the side effects of salbutamol? (5)
``` Hypertension Tachycardia Muscle cramps Dry nose and throat Headache ```
46
What are the precautions of salbutamol?
Pts with cardiac origin pulmonary edema
47
What is the adult dose of salbutamol? (2)
5.0 mg NEB 4-6 puffs via MDI (1 puff q 30 sec)
48
What is the pediatric dose of salbutamol? (2)
2.5mg NEB 2-3 puffs MDI (1 puff q 30 sec)
49
What is the infant dose of salbutamol? (1)
1.25 mg NEB
50
What is the classification of tetracaine?
Topical anesthetic
51
What is the mechanism of action of tetracaine?
Topical ophthalmic anesthetic to allow for flushing of an eye by removing the blink reflex
52
What is the indication of tetracaine?
To facilitate eye flushing
53
What is the contraindications of tetracaine? (2)
Hypersensitivity to local anesthetics (caine family) | Possible penetrating eye injury
54
What is the dose of tetracaine? (2)
2-3 drops in affected eye Once treatment is done, moist gauze should be placed over eye until blink reflex returns
55
What are the side effects of tetracaine?
May briefly increase irritation
56
What are the precautions of tetracaine?
May cause blurred vision
57
What is the classification of diphenhydramine? (2)
Antihistamine Anticholinergic
58
What is the mechanism of action of diphenhydramine? (4)
Competes with free histamines for biding and blocks H1 histamine receptors Antagonizes the effects of histamine on Histamine (HA) receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine CNS depressant Has antiemetic properties
59
What is the indication of diphenhydramine?
Allergic and anaphylactic reactions involving respiratory difficulties, edema or severe itching
60
What are the contraindications of diphenhydramine?
Hypersensitivity
61
What are the side effects of diphenhydramine? (8)
``` Drowsiness Dizziness Headaches Excitable state Thickening of bronchial secretions Chest tightness Reflex tachycardia Hypotension ```
62
What are the precautions of diphenhydramine? (2)
The sedative effects of diphenhydramine can be potentiated by the administration of CNS depressants, other antihistamines, narcotics and alcohol Acute asthma as it may thicken secretions
63
What is the adult dose of diphenhydramine?
25-50 mg IV/IM/IO
64
What is the pediatric dose of diphenhydramine?
1-2mg/kg IV/IM/IO (max 50 mg)
65
What is the classification of calcium chloride?
Electrolyte
66
What is the mechanism of action of calcium chloride? (3)
Essential component for functional integrity of nervous and muscular system Enhances automaticity Positive inotrope
67
What is the classification of magnesium sulfate? (4)
Electrolyte Anticonvulsant (toxemia) Antiarrhythmic (TDP, TCA OD) Uterine relaxant
68
What is the mechanism of action of magnesium sulfate? (3)
Reduces striated muscle contractions, causing vasodilation Blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing Ach released at the end-plate by motor nerve impulses Minimizes recurrences of seizures in the toxic state
69
What is the classification of potassium chloride?
Electrolyte
70
What is the mechanism of action of potassium chloride?
Principle intracellular ion affecting muscular contraction and nervous system transmission
71
What is the classification of sodium bicarbonate? (2)
Alkalinizing agent | Electrolyte
72
What is the mechanism of action of sodium bicarbonate?
Reacts with H+ ions to form water and CO2
73
What is the mechanism of action of pentaspan? (5)
Polysaccharides with water retaining properties and intravascular retention The colloidal properties make it a useful volume expander Intravascular infusion of pentaspan results in expansion of plasma in excess of the volume of pentaspan infused Expansion exists for approx 18-24 hrs and is expected to improve hemodynamic status for 12-18 hours 70% of drug eliminated in 24 hours
74
What is the classification of voluven?
Plasma volume expander
75
What is the mechanism of action of voluven? (2)
Colloidal properties makes it a useful volume expander Isovolemic exchange of blood maintains volume for at least 6 hours
76
What is the classification of ASA? (3)
Antiplatelet NSAID Antipyretic

Hematology & Anaphylaxis (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions