Pharmacology

Question 1

Acetylsalicylic Acid

Answer 1

Aspirin, Bufferin

CLASS: Analgesic, Anti-Pyretic, Anti-Inflammatory

MOA: Decreased Platelet Aggregation

PKG: 81 & 325 mg Tablets

Question 2

Dopamine

Answer 2

Intropin

CLASS: Sympathomimetic

MOA: 1-2 mcg/kg/min: Cerebral & Renal Vasodilation, Increased Urine Output

2-10mcg/kg/min: Increased Cardiac Output & Blood Pressure

10-20 mcg/kg/min: Alpha Effects - Peripheral Vasoconstriction, Increased PVR & Preload

PKG: 400 mg/5mL vial (must be added to 250mL) & 400 mg/250 mL premix bag

Question 3

Epinephrine

Answer 3

Adrenaline

CLASS: Sympathomimetic

MOA: Alpha - Peripheral Vasoconstriction, Beta - Positive Inotrope, Chronotrope & Dromotrope, Beta 2 - Bronchodilator.

CLINICAL EFFECTS: Increased Cerebral & Myocardial Perfusion, Increases HR, BP & Myocardial Electrical Activity, Reverses Bronchospasms & Anaphylaxis.

PKG: 1:10,000 - 1mg/10mL prefilled syringe

1:1,000 - 1mg/1mL amp

30mg/30mL multi-dose

Question 4

Furosemide

Answer 4

Lasix

CLASS: Loop Diuretic

MOA: Vasodilation, Diuresis

PKG: 20 mg/2 mL

40 mg/4 mL

100 mg/10 mL (Always 10 mg per mL)

Question 5

Nitroglycerin

Answer 5

Nitrostat, Tridil

CLASS: Vasodilator, Organic Nitrate, Antianginal

MOA: Decreased Preload & Afterload, Coronary Artery Vasodilation, Increased Myocardial Oxygen Supply, Decreased Myocardial Oxygen Demand.

PKG: 0.4 mg tablets or spray

Question 6

Vasopressin

Answer 6

Pitressin

CLASS: Pituitary (Antidiuretic) Hormone

MOA: Vasoconstriction

PKG: 20 units/mL

Question 7

Bumetanide

Answer 7

Bumex

CLASS: Loop Diuretic

MOA: Diuresis

PKG: 1 mg/4 mL

Question 8

Amiodarone

Answer 8

Cordarone

CLASS: Antiarrhythmic

MOA: Negative Chronotrope, Dilates Coronary Arteries

PKG: 150 mg/3 mL ampules (50 mg/mL)

Question 9

Adenosine

Answer 9

Adenocard

CLASS: Antiarrhythmic, Endogenous Nucleoside

MOA: Slows AV Conduction, Interrupts Re-entry Pathways, Slows Sinus Rate

PKG: 6 mg/2mL vial or prefilled syringe

Question 10

Atropine

Answer 10

Atropine

CLASS: Anticholinergic, Parasympathetic Blocker

MOA: Increased Heart Rate, Decreased Mucus Production, Bronchodilator

PKG: 1 mg/10 mL prefilled syringe (0.1mg/mL)

8 mg/20 mL multi-dose vial

Question 11

Lidocaine

Answer 11

Xylocaine

CLASS: Antiarrhythmic, Local Anesthetic

MOA: Increases VF Threshold, Decreases Ventricular Irritability

PKG: 100 mg/5 mL prefilled syringe (20 mg/mL)

1 g/25 mL vial (must be added to 250 mL)

2 g/500 mL premix bag (optional)

Question 12

Verapamil

Answer 12

Isoptin, Calan, Verelan

CLASS: Calcium Channel Blocker

MOA: Negative Inotrope, Slows AV Conduction

PKG: 5 mg/2 mL ampule or vial (2.5 mg/mL)

Question 13

Diltiazem

Answer 13

Cardizem

CLASS: Calcium Channel Blocker

MAO: Negative Inotrope, Slows AV Conduction

PKG: 5 mg/1 mL vials

Question 14

Albuterol

Answer 14

Proventil, Ventolin

CLASS: Sympathomimetic, Bronchodilator

MOA: Bronchodilation, Decreases Airway Resistance

PKG: 2.5 mg/3 mL unit dose (Sulfite Free)

Question 15

Ipatropium Bromide

Answer 15

Atrovent

CLASS: Anticholinergic, Bronchodilator

MOA: Inhibits PNS, Preferential Dilation of Larger Central Airways

PKG: 500 mcg/2.5 mL unit dose

Question 16

Diphenhydramine

Answer 16

Benadryl

CLASS: Antihistamine, Anticholinergic

MOA: Blocks Histamine Receptors, Decreased Capillary Permeability, Decreased Vasodilation, and Reduces Bronchospasms.

PKG: 50 mg/1 mL vial

Question 17

Dexamethasone

Answer 17

Decadron

CLASS: Synthetic Glucocorticoid, Anti-Inflammatory

MOA: Stablizes Cell Membrane, Improved Lung Function

PKG: 20 mg/5 mL

100 mg/25 mL

120 mg/5 mL

Question 18

Methylprednisolone

Answer 18

Solu-Medrol

CLASS: Steroid, Anti-Inflammatory

MOA: Stabilizes Cell Membrane

PKG: 125 mg/1 or 2 mL mix-a-vial

(Reconstitution Required)

Question 19

Diazepam

Answer 19

Valium

CLASS: Benzodiazepine

MOA: CNS Depressant, Anti-Convulsant, Sedative

PKG: 10 mg/2 mL prefilled syringe (5 mg per mL)

Question 20

Midazolam

Answer 20

Versed

CLASS: Benzodiazepine

MOA: CNS Depressant, Anti-Convulsant, Sedative

PKG: 5 mg/5 mL vial

Question 21

Lorazepam

Answer 21

Ativan

CLASS: Benzodiazepine

MOA: CNS Depressant, Anti-Convulsant

PKG: 2 mg/mL

4 mg/mL

Question 22

Etomidate

Answer 22

Amidate

CLASS: General Anesthetic

MOA: Short Term Sedation

PKG: 40 mg/20 mL (2 mg/mL)

Question 23

Succinylcholine

Answer 23

Anectine, Quelicin

CLASS: Short Acting Neuromuscular Blocker

MOA: Paralytic

PKG: 200 mg/10 mL vial

(20 mg/mL )

Question 24

Morphine

Answer 24

Morphine

CLASS: Narcotic Analgesic

MOA: CNS Depressant, Pain Reliever, Decreased Preload & Afterload

PKG: 10 mg/1 mL ampule or syringe

Question 25

**Fentanyl**

Answer 25

**Sublimaze** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Narcotic Analgesic **MOA:** CNS Depressant, Pain Reliever, Decreased Preload & Afterload **PKG:** 100 mcg/2 mL 250 mcg/5 mL

Question 26

**Nitrous Oxide**

Answer 26

**Nitronox** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Inhaled Analgesic **MOA:** CNS Depressant, Pain Reliever, 50-50 Oxygen/Nitrous Oxide Mix **PKG:** Nitronox

Question 27

**Activated Charcoal**

Answer 27

**Charcola, Actidose** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Adsorbant **MOA:** Reduces Systemic Absorption of Toxins **PKG:** 15g, 25g, 50g Bottle

Question 28

**Dextrose 50%**

Answer 28

**D₅₀** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Carbohydrate, Hyperglycemic **MOA:** Increases Blood Glucose Levels, Short-Term Osmotic Diuresis **PKG:** 25 g/50 mL prefilled syringe (1 gram/2 mL)

Question 29

**Glucagon**

Answer 29

**Glucagon** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Pancreatic Hormone, Hyperglycemic **MOA:** Converts Glycogen to Glucose, Counteracts Insulin **PKG:** 1 mg/1 mL vials (Reconstitution Required)

Question 30

**Thiamine**

Answer 30

**Vitamin B1, Betalin** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Vitamin **MOA:** Required for Carbohydrate Metabolism **PKG:** 100 mg/1 mL ampule or tubex

Question 31

**Naloxone**

Answer 31

**Narcan** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Narcotic Antagonist **MOA:** Competively Blocks Narcotic Receptor Sites, Reverses Respiratory Depression due to Narcotics **PKG:** 0.4 mg ampules 1 mg/mL prefilled syringe

Question 32

**Nalmefene**

Answer 32

**Revex** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Narcotic Antagonist **MOA:** Competively Blocks Narcotic Receptor Sites **PKG:** 2 mg/2 mL

Question 33

**Calcium Chloride**

Answer 33

**Calcium Chloride** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Electrolyte **MOA:** Increases Calcium Levels, Positive Inotrope **PKG:** 1 gram/10 mL prefilled syringe (100 mg per mL)

Question 34

**Magnesium Sulfate**

Answer 34

**Magnesium Sulfate** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Electrolyte, Tocolytic, Antidysrrhythmic **MOA:** Decreased Ventricular irritability, Inhibits Muscular Excitability **PKG:** 1 gram/2 mL vial

Question 35

**Oxytocin**

Answer 35

**Pitocin, Syntocin** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Hormone, Uterine Stimulant **MOA:** Increases Force & Frequency of Uterine Contractions **PKG:** 10 units/1 mL ampule or vial

Question 36

**Phenylephrine**

Answer 36

**Neo-Synephrine Nasal Spray** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Topical Vasoconstrictor **MOA:** Reduces Nasal Bleeding during Intubation **PKG:** 15 mL bottle

Question 37

**Sodium Bicarbonate**

Answer 37

**Sodium Bicarbonate** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Buffer **MOA:** Raises pH **PKG:** 50 mEq/50 mL (1 mEq per mL)

Question 38

**Ondansetron**

Answer 38

**Zofran** ## Footnote **CLASS:** Anti-Emetic **MOA:** Blocks Sertonin Receptors **PKG:** 4 mg/2 mL vial