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My2 dermatology > pharmacology > Flashcards

pharmacology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

in topical drugs what drives delivery

A

it’s passive driven by diffusion

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2
Q

what is fick’s law

A

rate of absorption is proportional so SA and inversely proportional to thickness

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3
Q

should topical drugs be lipophillic or phobic

A

lipophillic/ hydrophobic

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4
Q

what are vehicles, what would you put in a hydrophobic vehicle

A

creams, gels, ointments etc with dissolved concentration of the drug, lipophillic drug

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5
Q

what is better for maximising movement of a vehicle

A

solbulised > undissolved

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6
Q

what are excipients

A

enhance solubility - put clingfilm on to avoid water loss

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7
Q

why is excess nondisolved drug added to vehicles

A

increased duration and provide constant rate of delivery

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8
Q

what 4 factors affect absorption

A

site of application (thickness and permeability), hydration, drug conc, vehicle

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9
Q

in subcut route where is the drug injected and how does it enter the blood stream

A

subcut adipose, enters capillaries or lymphatics, slow absorption from poor vascular supply

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10
Q

is subcut first or second pass metabolism

A

avoids first pass

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11
Q

what is transdermal drug delivery and examples of suitable drug criteria

A

adhesive patch to dermis. LMW, lipophillic, potent, short half life

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12
Q

what transdermal patched are available

A

GTN, nicotine

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13
Q

give an example of s subcut drug

A

adrenaline, insulin

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14
Q

what are creams and what are the pros and cons

A

semi solid emulsification of water and oil with preservatives, cooling and moisturising, non-greasy

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15
Q

what are ointments and what are the pros and con

A

semi solid grease with high lipids but no preservatives, limit transdermal water loss, greasy

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16
Q

what are lotions and what are the pros and con

A

liquid formulations suspended in alcohol or water, can sting, used for dry areas eg scalp

17
Q

what are gels and what are the pros and con

A

semi solid aqueous solution, hairy areas and the face

18
Q

what are pastes and what are the pros and con

A

semisolids made up of fine powdered materials eg ZnO, cool and hydrating, difficult to apply

19
Q

what are emollients

A

used to rehydrate dry/ scaly skin (eczema and psoriasis ), apply frequently

20
Q

when is wet wrap therapy used

A

very dry (xerotic skin)

21
Q

what qualities to steroids have

A

vasoconstrictive, anti-inflam, anti proliferative, lipophilic

22
Q

name topical steroids from least to most potent

A

hydrocortisone, eumovate, betnovate, dermovate

23
Q

what conditions are topical steroids commonly used for

A

eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus, keloid scars

24
Q

what are side effects of steroids (7)

A

thin skin, purpura, stretch marks, steroid rosacea, telangestasia, dermatits (acne), tachyphylaxis

25
Q

what are calcineurin inhibitors and when are they used

A

suppress lymphocytes activation, atopic eczema, no atrophy

26
Q

what would you use to treat candida

A

antiyeast eg nystatin

27
Q

what would you use to treat ringworm (dermatphytes)

A

anti-fungal eg clotrimazole

28
Q

what drugs are antipruitic

A

menthol, capaicin, phenol, crotamiton

29
Q

what are kerolytics used for

A

soften keratin eg warts, corn and callus

30
Q

in addition to keratolytics what can be used to treat warts

A

formaldehyde, silver nitrate

31
Q

how can drug reactions present

A

exanthematous (small pustules on red background, pruititus, pigmentation, photosensitivity, fever

32
Q

what can cause urticarial reactions and how do they present

A

red wheels and hives “nettle sting’, aspirin and NSAIDS

33
Q

what drugs can cause pustular/ bullous reactions

A

glucocorticoids, androgens

34
Q

what are severe drug reaction conditions

A

stevens-johnson syndrome, TEN, DRESS, AGEP

35
Q

what are symptoms of photosensitivity

A

prickled, erythema and pigmentation of skin, excessive sunburn, telangiectasia, fragile skin

36
Q

what drugs can cause photosensitivity

A

NSAIDs, doxy, amiodarone, quinine

My2 dermatology (20 decks)

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