Pharmacology Flashcards
(36 cards)
What does adenosine do?
Slows cardiac conduction by interrupting AVN, causes asystole and so is quite scary
How is adenosine given?
Rapid bolus via large proximal cannula due to short half life and needing to reach heart, flushed fast straight after in 6mg then 12mg steps
What are the CI to adenosine?
asthma COPD HF heart block severe hypotension
Give examples of loop diuretics
furosemide and bumetanide
What can be the SE of furosemide
hypotension, low Na and K
ototoxicity
What is the conversion rate between furosemide and bumetanide?
1mg bumetanide = 40mg furosemide
Give an example of an aldosterone antagonist
spironolactone
amiloride
SE of spironolactone
gynaecomastia
Example of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretic
bendroflumethazide
metolazone
like = indapamide
Mx of HF with reduced ejection fraction?
BB
ACE-i
spironolactone or other MRA
What causes a cough in ACE-i use?
bradykinin
SE of ACE-i use?
cough
high potassium
red eGFR due to dilation of efferent arteriole
What shouldn’t be prescribed with BB?
Rate limiting CCB eg verapamil or diltiazem
induces HF as both negatively inotropic
inotrope vs chronotrope?
Inotropic are medicines that alter the force or energy of heart’s muscular contraction.
Chronotropic are drugs or medicines that change the heart rate and rhythm by affecting the electrical conduction system of the heart and the nerves that influence it.
What do alpha-1 receptor anagonists do? (type 2 clinically unhelpful)
Relax smooth muscle of the arterioles (decreases peripheral resistance) and bladder/ prostate
What are the two types of adrenergic receptors?
alpha (2 types) and beta (3 types)
Examples of alpha-1 receptor anagonists
doxazosin
tamsulosin
-osins
What do beta blockers do?
Counter the effects of chatelocholmines like adrenaline
Give an example of non-selective beta blockers
propranolol - lipid soluble so can move through BBB
timolol - reduces intra-ocular pressure
Examples of B-1/ cardioselective beta blockers
atenolol
bisoprolol
metoprolol
Give some examples of 3rd gen beta blockers, how do they work?
labetolol
carvedilol
Block beta receptors and alpha-1 receptors to cause vasodilation
What do alpha-1 receptors do?
activate sympathetic NS eg vasoconstrict, urinary retention, glycogenlysis
What do beta receptors do?
beta 1: Increase HR< contractility and AV conduction, increase renin release and BP
beta 2: bronchodilation, decreased GI motility, vasodilation
beta 3: lipolysis and bladder relaxation
What are the different Von Williams classifications of anti-arrthymic drugs?
I- sodium channel blocker II- beta blocker III-potassium blocker VI-CCB other
