Pharmacology And Anesthesiology Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
Concerned with the effects of the drugs and the mechanism of acrion
A
Pharmacodynamics
2
Q
Concerned with the movement of drugs within the body
A
Pharmakokinetics
3
Q
Study of drugs’ harmful effect
A
Toxicology
4
Q
Prevents orally taken drugs toxicity
A
Activated charcoal
5
Q
Induces vomiting
A
Syrup of ipecac
6
Q
It is the accumulation of drugs that cant be eliminated un the body
A
Cumulatiom
7
Q
Drugs cotnraindicated for glaucoma
A
Diazepam, anti cholinergic
8
Q
What is the most allergenic drug
A
Penecillin
9
Q
Group of drugs Safe for pregnancy
A
Local anes, analgesics and sedative hypnotics
10
Q
Study of damage to fetus during development
A
Teratology
11
Q
Study of drug dosage
A
Posology
12
Q
Most comkom and the easiest to administer
A
Oral route
13
Q
Suppositories and enema
A
Rectal route
14
Q
Routenin which bypasses the membrane
A
Parenteral route
15
Q
Intravenous angulation
A
35-40 degrees
16
Q
Intramuscular injection angulation
A
90 degrees
17
Q
Intradermal injections angulation
A
0-15 degrees
18
Q
Subcutaneous injection angulation
A
45 degrees
19
Q
Intrathecal injection
A
Between 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae
20
Q
Fastest route in which the target site is the brain
A
Inhalation
21
Q
In terms of ph levels drugs must be..
A
Weak acids and weak bases
22
Q
Amount of drug that teaches the circulatory system after administration
A
Bioabavailability
23
Q
Bioavailability is influenced by
A
Drug solubility, route and first pass effect
24
Q
According to solubility drugs must be..
A
Slightly hydrophilic and largely hydrophobic
25
Very hydrophilic drugs are..
Unable to cross the phospholipid bilayer
26
Drugs that are purely hydrophobic are most likely..
Unable to be absorbed due to insolubility in aquaeus fluids
27
Ability of drug to move from circulatory system into the target sites
Distribution
28
Free floating drug
Free ionized drug
29
Drugs bound to plasma protein
Bound drugs
30
Tendency of substanves to separate or dissociate from its bindig
Dissociation constant
31
Liver enzymes which helos in drug and compound metabolism
Miscromomal enzymes
| Non microsomal enzymes
32
Example of micromal enzymes in liver
Cytrochrome P450
33
Drugs metabolized in liver are
Amide local anesthetics
| Most drugs
34
Plasma enzyme
Plasma Pseudochokinesterase
35
Drugs metabolised in plasma
Ester Local Anesthetics
| Succinylcholine
36
Major organ for excretion of drugs
Kidney
37
Site of excression for nitrous oxide
Lungs
38
Drugs excreted in breast milk
Alchohol, cafffeine, cocaine and nicotine
39
The time required for a drig to reduce half of its initial value
Half life
40
Rate at which the active drug is removed from the body
Clearance
41
Amount of drugs eliminated is constant and is not dependent on the concentration of drug plasma
Zero order kinetics
42
Drugs with zero order kinetics
Alchohol, phenytion, aspirin
43
Amount of drug eliminated is dependent on tje concentration of drug in plasma fluid
First order kinetics
44
Dosage of drugs needed to produce an effect
Potency
45
Refers to the effect of the drug
Efficacy
46
Maximum effect of drug where no effect is added even though drug dose is increased
Maximal effect
47
Refers to how well the drug can be used in the real world
Effectiveness
48
Dose response curve thay describes the degree of respons eof a single biological unit to a given drug dose
Graded Dose-effect curve
49
Curve that describes relationship between the increasing drug dosage and the percentage of the population that shows the drugs pharmacologic and lethal effects
Quantal Dose-effect curve
50
Detects the margin of safety of a drug by conparing the therapeutic and toxic dose
Qunatal-dose effect curve
51
Targets of drug action
Receptors
| Enzymes
52
Ability of drugs to bund to its target site
Affinity
53
Ability of drug to produce an effecr after bindingnto its target site
Intrinsic activity
54
Results in decreased potency and competes with the receptor
Competitive antagonism
55
Has its own receptor and doesnt compete. It results to a decrease in efficacy
Non-competitive antagonism
56
Naloxone is an antagonist of what drug
Narcotics
57
Flumazenil is an antagonist of what drug?
Benzodiazepine
58
Intrinsic activity of 1
Full agonists
59
Intrinsic activity of 0
Antagonist
60
Intrinsic acrivity of >0 and <1
Partial Agonist
61
Drug effect is proportional tot he number of receptors occupied
Clarks occupational theory
62
Drug effect is proportional to the rate at which the drug and receptor combine; drug produces an effect when bound to ita receptor
Patons rate theory
63
Sedative hypnotivs are drugs used for
Sedation
Hypnosis
Muscle relaxation
64
Types of sedation
Minimal
Moderate
Deep
65
Awake and relaxed; rrlieve anxiety
Minimal or conscious sedation
66
Classification of sedative hypnotic drugs
Barbiturates and non barbiturates
67
4 classes of barbiturates
Ultra short acting
Short acting
Intermediate acting
Long acting
68
Used for induction of general anesthesia
Ultra short acting barbiturates
69
Barbiturates that are ultra short acting
Thiopental and methohexital
70
Classes of barbiturates used for insomnia
Short acting and intermediate acting barbiturates
71
Short acting barbiturates
Secobarbital
| Pentobarbital
72
Intermediate barbiturates
Amobarbital
| Butabarbital
73
Class of barbiturate used for epileptic seizures
Long acting Barbiturates
74
Long acting barbiturates
Phenobarbital
Mephobarbital
Primidone
75
Non barbiturate drug used as sedative drugs in Pediatrics
Chloral hydrate
76
Non barbiturate drug for insomnia
Flurazepam
77
Sedative found in alchohol beverages
Ethanol
78
An antihestamine sedative
Diphenhydramime
79
Anticonvulsant drugs are used for
Anti-Epileptic
Anti anxiety
Sedation
80
Absence of consciouness; absence of movements for few seconds
Absence seizures
81
Petit mal
Absence seizures
82
Awake; muscles are jerking for few seconds to a few minutes
Myoclonic
83
Awake; muscle relaxation for few seconds to few minutes
Atonic
84
Drop seizure
Atonic
85
Unconscious; muscle stiffness; jerking movements few minutes
Tonic clonic seizures
86
Grand mal
Tonic clonic seizures
87
Repeated grand mal or 30 min seizure
Status epilepticus
88
Common drugs used as anticonvulsants
```
Benzodiazepin
Pgenytoin
Carbamazepin
Valproic acid
Barbiturates (least used)
```
89
Blocks sodium ions
Carbamazepine
90
Blocks sodium and calcoum ions
Valproic acid
91
Potentiates GABA receptors and inhibitory neurotransmitters
Anticonvulsants
92
Affects Reticular Activating sustem and activates Gaba receptors
Sedative hypnotics
93
Stimulates porphyrin production
Sedative hypnotics
94
Drug induced gingival hyperplasia
Anticonvulsants
95
Paradoxical Excitement
Anticonvulsants
96
Diazepam is slowly and poorly absorbed in what route of administration
Intramuscular
97
Drugs with slight anticholinergic effects
```
Diphenhydramide
Tricyclic antidepressants
Benzodiazepine
Antipsychotics
Meperidine
```
98
Drugs with morphime like properties that acts in CNS
Narcotic drugs
99
Other name for narcotics
Opiods or opiates
100
Opiod receptors in the body
Limbic system
Area postrema
Sokitary nuclei
Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
101
Area in the medulla pblongata responsible for nausea and vomiting
Area postrema
102
Area in medulla oblongata for gag reflex, cough, baroreceptor reflex and chemoreceptor
Solitary nuclei
103
Gate in gate control theory
Substantia gelatinosa of rolando
104
Endogenous opiods in our body
Endorphine
Enkeohaline
Serotonine
105
Combination of dIphenoxylate and atropine
Lomotil
106
Most comkon side effect for narcotic drugs
Nausea
107
Most serious side effect for narcotic drugs
Respiratory depression
108
Morphine triad
Miosis
Respiratory depression
Coma
109
Components of neuroleptic analgesia
Narcotics
| Neuroleptic analgesia
110
Drigs that causes dissociative anesthesia
Ketamine
| Phencyclidine
111
Narcotic drug contraindicared for glaucoma
Meperidine
112
Narcotic drugs that can be administered orally
Codeine
Oxycodone
Methadone
113
Tylox
Oxycodone
| Acetaminophen
114
Narcotic drug for parenteral administration
Morphine
| Meperidine
115
More potent than morphine
Fentanyl
116
Diacetylmorphine
Heroin
117
Demerol; has anticholinergic effects
Meperidine
118
Guedels stages of anesthesia for analgesia and amnesia
Stage 1
119
Guedels stages of anesthesia for surgical anesthesia
Stage 3
120
Guedels stages of anesthesia for medullary paralysis
Stage 4
121
Guedels stages of anesthesia for excitement and delirium
Stage 2
122
Inhalation drugs used for General anesthesia
Halothane
| Desflurane
123
Benzodiazepines used for induction of general anesthesia
Midazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
124
Short acting hypnotic agent
Propofol
125
Blocks pain mainly in the Peripheral nervous system
Non-narcotic Analgesics
126
Pain, fever, inflammation and gasteic protection
Prostaglandin
127
Two pathways for arachidonic acid
Lipooxygenase
| Cyclooxygenase
128
Catalizes the phospholipid bilayer in producing arachidonic acid
Phospholipase a2
129
Cox1
```
Thromboxane a2 (platelets)
Prostaglandin for stomach
```
130
Cox2
Prostaglandin for pain, fever and inflammation (endothelial tissue)
Prostacyclin for vasodilation (Endothelial tissue)
