The first line of treatment for HTN in usually a ________.
Diuretic
What does a diuretic do?
reduces the blood volume through urinary excretion of water to treat HTN
What is a common diuretic? (generic and trade)
Furosemide (Lasix)
What is the enzyme that causes blood vessels to constrict and creates HTN?
Angiotensin
What is the name for a drug that prevents Angiotensin activation? What is the result?
ACE inhibitor, dilated blood vessels and a lower BP
What are some uses for ACE inhibitors?
HTN, Heart failure, prolonging survival of pt’s who have had a heart attack, Preserving kidney function in diabetics, leaking heart valves
What are 2 brand names of ACE inhibitors?
Monopril, Vasotec
What is a complication of ACE inhibitors?
can cause kidney function to worsen, increase potassium level (hyperkalemia)
What do beta blockers do?
affect beta receptors that cause the heart to beat faster and harder and constrict blood vessels which causes HTN
What are some uses for beat blockers?
HTN, angina, abnormal heart rhythms, heart attack pos, heart failure, migraines, stage fright
What are some common beta blockers?
Atenolol, metoprolol (Lopressor), Propanolol
What do Calcium channel blockers do?
slow rate of calcium passage into the heart and vessel walls; lowers BP
What are some common Calcium channel blockers?
Verapamil, Diltiazem (Cardizem), Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Name common DM drugs
Insulin, Glipizide (Glucatrol), Metformin (Glucophage)
What do Antilipemics (Statins) do?
lower cholesterol
Name common Statins
Simvastatin (Zocor), Atorvastatin (Lipitor), Lovastatin
What is the most frequently used medications to treat CHF? What does it do?
Digitalis (digoxin or digitoxin), Strengthens ventricular contraction
What is the most common anti-angina drug? What does it do?
Nitroglycerine (NTG), Vasodilator
IV anticoagulant?
Heparin
What is the antidote for Heparin?
Protamine
Low molecular weight Heparin = ____________
Lovenox (Pradaxa, Eliquis, Xarelto)
Oral coagulant?
Coumadin
What is the antidote for Coumadin?
Vitamin K
When can you NOT give Coumadin?
during pregnancy
What does NOAC stand for in NOAC drugs?
Novel oral anticoagulant
What do thrombolytics do?
dissolve clots
What are 2 thrombolytics?
Urokinase, TPA
What are common uses for Thrombolytics?
MI, PE, DVT, Stroke, Grafts
What does an ECG do?
reports the electrical activity of the heart
What is the result of depolarization of heart muscle?
contraction
What are some common ECG dysrythmias?
Sinus Bradycardia, Sinus Tachycardia
Atrial Flutter, Atrial Fibrillation
Ventricular Fibrillation, Third-degree AV Block
Ventricular Asystole
Define Sinus Bradycardia
Slow heart rate
Define Sinus Tachycardia
Rapid heartbeat, may/may not be irregular
Define Atrial flutter
Abnormal heart rhythm; regular but faster
Define Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal heart rhythm; irregular
Define Ventricular Fibrillation
Rapid, inadequate heart beat
Define Third-Degree Heart Block
Could be asymptomatic; impulse generated in SA node does not reach the ventricle