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Flashcards in Pharmacology and EKG Deck (37)
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1
Q

The first line of treatment for HTN in usually a ________.

A

Diuretic

2
Q

What does a diuretic do?

A

reduces the blood volume through urinary excretion of water to treat HTN

3
Q

What is a common diuretic? (generic and trade)

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

4
Q

What is the enzyme that causes blood vessels to constrict and creates HTN?

A

Angiotensin

5
Q

What is the name for a drug that prevents Angiotensin activation? What is the result?

A

ACE inhibitor, dilated blood vessels and a lower BP

6
Q

What are some uses for ACE inhibitors?

A

HTN, Heart failure, prolonging survival of pt’s who have had a heart attack, Preserving kidney function in diabetics, leaking heart valves

7
Q

What are 2 brand names of ACE inhibitors?

A

Monopril, Vasotec

8
Q

What is a complication of ACE inhibitors?

A

can cause kidney function to worsen, increase potassium level (hyperkalemia)

9
Q

What do beta blockers do?

A

affect beta receptors that cause the heart to beat faster and harder and constrict blood vessels which causes HTN

10
Q

What are some uses for beat blockers?

A

HTN, angina, abnormal heart rhythms, heart attack pos, heart failure, migraines, stage fright

11
Q

What are some common beta blockers?

A

Atenolol, metoprolol (Lopressor), Propanolol

12
Q

What do Calcium channel blockers do?

A

slow rate of calcium passage into the heart and vessel walls; lowers BP

13
Q

What are some common Calcium channel blockers?

A

Verapamil, Diltiazem (Cardizem), Amlodipine (Norvasc)

14
Q

Name common DM drugs

A

Insulin, Glipizide (Glucatrol), Metformin (Glucophage)

15
Q

What do Antilipemics (Statins) do?

A

lower cholesterol

16
Q

Name common Statins

A

Simvastatin (Zocor), Atorvastatin (Lipitor), Lovastatin

17
Q

What is the most frequently used medications to treat CHF? What does it do?

A

Digitalis (digoxin or digitoxin), Strengthens ventricular contraction

18
Q

What is the most common anti-angina drug? What does it do?

A

Nitroglycerine (NTG), Vasodilator

19
Q

IV anticoagulant?

A

Heparin

20
Q

What is the antidote for Heparin?

A

Protamine

21
Q

Low molecular weight Heparin = ____________

A

Lovenox (Pradaxa, Eliquis, Xarelto)

22
Q

Oral coagulant?

A

Coumadin

23
Q

What is the antidote for Coumadin?

A

Vitamin K

24
Q

When can you NOT give Coumadin?

A

during pregnancy

25
Q

What does NOAC stand for in NOAC drugs?

A

Novel oral anticoagulant

26
Q

What do thrombolytics do?

A

dissolve clots

27
Q

What are 2 thrombolytics?

A

Urokinase, TPA

28
Q

What are common uses for Thrombolytics?

A

MI, PE, DVT, Stroke, Grafts

29
Q

What does an ECG do?

A

reports the electrical activity of the heart

30
Q

What is the result of depolarization of heart muscle?

A

contraction

31
Q

What are some common ECG dysrythmias?

A

Sinus Bradycardia, Sinus Tachycardia
Atrial Flutter, Atrial Fibrillation
Ventricular Fibrillation, Third-degree AV Block
Ventricular Asystole

32
Q

Define Sinus Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate

33
Q

Define Sinus Tachycardia

A

Rapid heartbeat, may/may not be irregular

34
Q

Define Atrial flutter

A

Abnormal heart rhythm; regular but faster

35
Q

Define Atrial Fibrillation

A

Abnormal heart rhythm; irregular

36
Q

Define Ventricular Fibrillation

A

Rapid, inadequate heart beat

37
Q

Define Third-Degree Heart Block

A

Could be asymptomatic; impulse generated in SA node does not reach the ventricle