Pharmacology - anti bleeding drugs, SE & diuretics Flashcards
What are 2 examples of antiplatelets?
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
What does aspirin do?
COX 1 Inhibition (decreased thromboxane A2, this activates platelets)
What does clopidogrel do?
P2Y12 inhibition
Examples of 4 anti coags?
Heparin
Warfarin
DOAC
Thrombolytics
What do
Heparin
Warfarin
DOAC
Thrombolytics
do? Mechanism?
Heparin = Activate antithrombin 3 and inhibit factor 10 (delteparin)
Warfarin = Anti vitamin K (Inhibits Vit K epoxide reductase) - Give vit K IF BLEEDING IN Px on warfarin
DOAC = anti factor 10a; apixaban, nvaroxaban
Thrombolytics = clot buster, alteplase, essentially tPa (activate plasmin to degrade fibrin)
INR in person on warfarin compared to normal person
INR Warfarin = 2-3
normal = below 1.5
NSAIDS mechanism?
Inhibit COX 1 + 2 = Prevent prostaglandin production
What does cox 1 Inhibition cause?
Low gastric mucosal protection + increased stomach pH + High risk of gastropathy (GI ulcer)
What does COX 2 inhibition cause?
Good Anti inflammatory
Celecoxib (selective COX2 inhibitor - NSAIDS)
SE of NSAIDS?
PUD
PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
SE of Ace I?
Increased bradykinin accumulation ‘in lungs’ cause dry cough, switch to ARB
Dilates afferent arteriole (glomerulus) therefore low GFR; cam cause AKI (pre renal; hypo perfusion)
SE PPI
Prolonged use can increase fracture risk
SE opioids
Resp distress = Naloxone
N+V+constipation
tolerance and dependence
SE Loop diuretics and thiazides
Hypokalaemia and dehydration
SE spironolactone
Hyperkalemia
