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Antibiotics > Pharmacology & Antibiotic Use - Corrigan SAM > Flashcards

Pharmacology & Antibiotic Use - Corrigan SAM Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What 10 Questions do you ask when considering an antibiotic?

A
  1. Time vs Concentration dependent
  2. Bacteriostatic vs. Cidal
  3. MOA - appropriate against bug?
  4. Water vs Fat soluable
  5. Can it get to the site? - cross BBB? Blood-prostate barrier?
  6. Can it reach therapeutic levels? - maybe drug will reach the site but has poor bioavailability
  7. Toxicity
  8. Owner compliance
  9. Owner safety
  10. $$$ cost
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2
Q

What 3 questions do you ask about the infecting organism?

A
  1. Gram + vs Gram -
  2. Aerobic vs Anaerobic
  3. Intracellular vs. Extracellular
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3
Q

Gram Postitive organisms

A

“BC - CARELESS - DAMN”

Bacillus
Clostridium

Corynebacterium
Archanobacter
Rhodococcus
Enterococcus
Lysteria
Erysipelothrix
Streptocococcus
Staphylococcus

Dermatophilus
Actinomyces
Mycobacterium
Nocardia

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4
Q

Anaerobes

A 
Actinomyces
Bacteroides
Clostridium
Eubacterium
Fusobacterium
Peptostreptococcus
Porphyromonas
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5
Q

What parts of the body have anaerobes as normal flora?

A

Mouth
Vagina
Intestines

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6
Q

Anerobes are found in infections. What type of infections?

A
  1. immunocompromised
  2. Abscesses
  3. Multi-bug infections
  4. infection with Gas Production - gas indication its an anaerobe
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7
Q

Abx of choice when dealing with anaerobes?

A

Clindamycin

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8
Q

Abx of choice when dealing with anaerobes of the GI

A

Metronidazole

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9
Q

Organisms difficult to culture?

These organisms are often missed bc culture difficulty and TREATMENT SHOULD BE STARTED EMPIRICALLY IMMEDIATELY

A
  1. Ehrlichia
  2. Borrelia/Lyme
  3. Hemoplasmas
  4. Bartonella
  5. Mycoplasmas
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10
Q

When should you use drugs empirically?

A
  1. first instance of infection
  2. Emergency tx/ Critical Illness
  3. Difficult organisms to culture (Ehrichia, Borrelia, hemoplasmas, Bartonella, mycoplasmas)
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11
Q

Drugs used for critical illness:

  1. Route of administration?
  2. Length of time to give drug?
A
  1. Parenteral administration at
    Highest dose &
    Highest Frequency
  2. 7-10 days (minimum 3-5)
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12
Q

Adverse SE of Aminoglycosides?

A
  1. Nephrotoxic

2. Ototoxic

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13
Q

What should you always check for before administration of an otological (ear) drug?

A

INTACT tympanic membrane

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14
Q

Adverse SE of Cephalosporins and Penicillins?

A

Immune mediated dz

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15
Q

What drugs should you not use on an animal with history of IMHA?

A

Cephalosporins & Penicillins

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16
Q

Adverse SE of Doxycycline?

A

Esophageal stricture in CATS

Tablets are caustic to esophagus - compound doxy to syrup form

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17
Q

Adverse SE of Tetracyclines?

A
  1. Renal Tubular dz

2. Highlighter yellow tooth enamel in animals < 6 months
OK once teeth erupt

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18
Q

Adverse SE of Sulfonamides?

A
  1. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
  2. Blood Dyscrasias (anything can go wrong with bone marrow)
  3. Polyarthritis in BLACK & TAN dogs
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19
Q

Adverse SE of Enrofloxacin

A
  1. Blindness in CATS (use Marbofloxacin instead of Enrofloxacin)
  2. Seizures
  3. failure of CARTILAGE DEVELOPMENT in puppies
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20
Q

Tx for histiocytic ulcerative colitis in boxers?

21
Q

Adverse SE of Ciprofloxacin?

Study These Flashcards
A

Poor bioavailability & poor absorption PO

22
Q

What drug should be used for cats instead of Enrofloxacin?

Study These Flashcards
A

Marbofloxacin

23
Q

Adverse SE of Chloramphenicol?

Study These Flashcards
A

Aplastic Anemia in Humans

24
Q

What is Unison?

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A

Potentiated Penicillin “Big Gun Drug”

25
Adverse SE of Metronidazole?
Neurologic Side effects: - weakness - ataxia - vestibular signs
26
Infections that REQUIRE culture & susceptibility (c/s)?
1. Chronic inf 2. Bone inf 3. Immunocompromised patients 4. Complicated inf - UTI in BOY cat
27
Drug used for Staph Pyoderma?
Cephalosporin (Cephalexin)
28
Drug used for Abscesses?
1. Clavamox 2. Clindamycin --> anaerobes & good bone penetration 3. Cephalosporins
29
Drug used for Nocardia?
Penicillin + Potentiated sulfa (both)
30
What must you rule out when there is fluid in lungs? Why?
1. CHF 2. Pneumonia Why: Tx is complete opposite! CHF tx is get rid of fluids Pneumonia tx is give fluids
31
Drug used for Bacterial Pneumonia?
1. Ampicillin + Enrofloxacin (both! corrigans fav high dose combos -- cats use marbofloxacin) 2. Tricarcillin + Clavulanate
32
Drug used for Pyothorax?
1. Penicillins +/- Potentiated Sulfa if Nocardia present +/- Metronidazole
33
Drug used for Upper Respiratory Dz? | ex: snotty cat w herpes causing 2nd bacterial infection
1. Clavamox | 2. Clindamycin
34
Drug used for Cholangiohepatitis?
1. Clavamox +/- Metranidazole if you think you have a gram negative component
35
Drug used for Bacterial overgrowth in GI?
1. Metronidazole *BEST* | 2. Tylosin
36
Drug used for Hepatic encephalopathy? Portal Systemic Shunts?
Neomycin - only time you will use Aminoglycoside as 1st choice - not absorbed systemically, stays in GI and ↓ bacteria in GI making ammonia - amikacin and gentamicin ARE absorbed systemically and will kill your kidneys/deaf
37
Drug used for Diskospondylitis?
1. Cephalosporin 2. Clavamox +/- enrofloxacin +/- chloramphenicol
38
1. What is the most common cause of diskospondylitis? | 2. What is the most common co-morbitity with diskospondylitis?
1. Skin infection/ wound - enters the disk space or goes systemic 2. UTI - culture the urine probably the same bug whats causing diskospondylitis
39
Drug used for Osteomyelitis?
1. Clindamycin - anaerobic infection & great bone penetration (teeth) 2. Clavamox
40
Drug used for Toxoplasmosis?
Clindamycin
41
Drug used for Encephalitis?
Chloramphenicol - great BBB penetration!
42
Drug used for Otitis Media/ Interna?
1. Clavamox | 2. Chloramphenicol
43
Drug used for Polyarthritis from Bartonella? *multiple joints = tick born dz*
1. Enrofloxacin + Clavamox 2. Enrofloxacin + Rifampin * Bartonella resistant to Azithromycin since 2017*
44
Drug used for Polyarthritis from Borrelia? *multiple joints = tick born dz*
Doxycycline
45
Drug used for Polyarthritis from Ehrichia? *multiple joints = tick born dz*
Doxycycline
46
Drug used for UTI?
Clavamox
47
Drug used for Leptospirosis?
Ampicillin + Doxycycline (both) ampicillin --> bacteremia doxy --> renal carriers
48
Drug used for Prostatitis?
1. Chloramphenicol 2. Enrofloxacin (baytril) *both GREAT for Prostate!*
49
Drug used for Pyometra?
Ampicillin + Enrofloxacin (both) "big gun med"

Antibiotics (1 decks)

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