Pharmacology-Antihypertensives Flashcards
(36 cards)
Organs responsible for regulating bp
Liver
Lungs
Kidneys
Adrenal gland
Heart
How to calculate Blood Pressure (Arterial BP) =
Cardiac Output x TPR
Systolic BP vs. Diastolic BP
Systolic = Heart contracting
Diastolic = Heart relaxing
Normal bp = 120/80
Antihypertensives
A: Ace Inhibitor, Angiotensin receptor blockers, Alpha-1 receptor Blockers
B: Beta-blockers (selective & non-selective)
C: CCB
D: Diuretics
E: Endothelin receptor antagonists
RAAS system
The liver produces angiotensinogen.
When there is a decrease in BP, the kidneys produce renin.
Renin is responsible for converting angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Angiotensinogen circulates the body, contacting a membrane-bound enzyme (ACE) mainly residing in lung tissue.
Angiotensin I gets converted into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is an important regulator of blood pressure.
Angiotensin II increases BP via the following mechanisms:
1. Increasing sympathetic activity
2. Vasoconstriction
3. Increase in aldosterone
How to remember ACE inhibitor medication
End in (-prils)
ACE inhibitor (CAPTOPRIL)
C -cough
A -angioedema
P-pregnancy problems
T- taste changes
O - other (rash, fatigue)
P - proteinuria
R - renal insufficiency
I - increased potassium
L - Low BP
Angiotensin receptor blockers
How can you remember Angiotensin receptor blockers medication
end in (-sartans)
Where can you find alpha-1 receptor
SMC that surround vessels of epithelial cells
What do alpha-1 receptors react to?
Adrenaline/Noradrenaline produced by adrenonergic neurons
What happens when noradrenaline/adrenaline binds to alpha 1 receptor?
Stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle cells that surround vells.
This narrows the lumen and increases BP
Alpha-1 Receptor Blocker
What do beta blocker medications end with
(~olol)
What activity are beta blockers important for?
sympathetic activity
By blocking the beta receptors you are blocking the sympathetic activity
Selective vs Non-selective beta blockers
Selective: work on heart
Non-selective: work on heart and other tissues
What is the name of the receptors found on pacemaker heart cells?
Beta 1 receptors
How can pacemaker cells increase blood pressure?
Adrenergic neurons release adrenaline/noradrenaline that bind to beta-1 receptors of pacemaker cells.
This increases heart rate and therefore blood pressure
Where can you find beta-1 receptors in the circulatory system?
Pacemaker cells
Cardiomyocytes
What is the result of noradrenaline binding to cardiomyocytes
Stimulate the beta-1 receptors of the cardiomyocytes leading to a more powerful contraction .
This increases CO -> Increase BP
Beta blockers
What do calcuim channel blocker medication end in?
(~dipine)
What is the role of calcium in the body
Excitability and muscle contraction
What calcium channels do you find in pacemaker cells?
T-Type calcium channels
