Pharmacology Chapter 1

Question 1

Dissolution

Answer 1

dissolving of the smaller particles in the GI fluid before absorption

Question 2

Breakdown of a tablet into smaller particles

Answer 2

disintegration

Question 3

Pharmaceutic Phase

Answer 3

drug becomes a solution so it can cross the biologic membrane

Question 4

process of drug movement to achieve drug action. (Absorption, Distribution, Protein Binding, Metabolism or Bio transformation, and Excretion or Elimination)

Answer 4

Pharmacokinetic Phase

Question 5

passive absorption

Answer 5

drug does not require energy to move across the membrane. movement from higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 6

type of movement that requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move the drug against a concentration gradient

Answer 6

active absorption

Question 7

pinocytosis

Answer 7

process by which cells carry a drug across membrane by engulfing the drug particles “blob”

Question 8

REMEMBER

Answer 8

REMEMBER Drugs that are lipid soluble and non ionized are absorbed faster than water soluble and ionized drugs

Question 9

first pass effect (hepatic first pass)

Answer 9

process in which drug passes to the liver first

Question 10

bio-availability

Answer 10

% of administered drug does that reaches the systemic circulation– occurs after absorption and first pass metabolism

Question 11

distribution

Answer 11

process by which the drug becomes available to the body fluids and body tissues

Question 12

protein binding effect

Answer 12

Only drugs not bound to protein are active and can cause pharmacologic response

Question 13

process by which the body inactivates or biotransforms the drugs (liver, renal excretion)

Answer 13

metabolism

Question 14

half life

Answer 14

(t1/2) the time itakes for one half of the drug concentration to be eliminated

Question 15

elimination

Answer 15

through the kidneys (urine) or bile, feces, lungs, saliva, sweat, and breast milk

Question 16

creatinine clearance (CLcr)

Answer 16

used to determine renal function. compares creatinine levels in the urine and blood

Question 17

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 17

study of the way drugs affect the body

Question 18

“off label use”

Answer 18

not why the drug was preventedd/ prescribed but a desired side effect

Question 19

agonist

Answer 19

drugs that produce s response like epinephrine

Question 20

drugs hat block a response like atropine–a histamine

Answer 20

antagonists

Question 21

Categories of Drug Action

Answer 21

1 stimulation or depression
2 replacement
3 inhibition or killing of organisms
4 irritation

Question 22

therapeutic index

Answer 22

margin of safety of a drug through the use of a ratio that measures the effective (therapeutic) dose in 50% of people and lethal does in 50%of people. Closer to 1= greater risk of toxicity

Question 23

peak drug level

Answer 23

highest plasma concentration of drug at specific time, measures the rate the drug is absorbed

Question 24

trough drug level

Answer 24

lowest concentration of a drug, measures the rate the drug is eliminated

Question 25

effects not related to desired drug effects

Answer 25

side effects

Question 26

tachyphylaxis

Answer 26

rapid decrease in response to the drug, and "acute tolerance"

Question 27

Nursing Process

Answer 27

``` Assessment Diagnosis Planning Interventions Evaluations ```

Question 28

excipients

Answer 28

fillers and inert substances, used to allow drug to take particular shape and size and enhance drug dissolution

Question 29

non specific drugs

Answer 29

can affect various sites

Question 30

affect various receptors

Answer 30

non-selective sites