Pharmacology - Croup/Cystic Fibrosis Flashcards
(45 cards)
croup is also known as….
laryngotracheobronchitis
what is croup
respiratory condition triggered by acute viral infection of the upper airway
barking cough
stridor (noisy breathing sound)
hoarseness
what organisms can cause croup
a lot of them - both viruses and bacteria
bacteria are worse
2 types of pharmacotherapy for croup
epinephrine
corticosteroid
how long do the effects of epinephrine last for croup
less than 2 hours
children need to be monitored for the return of symptoms!!
MOA of nebulized epinephrine for croup
stimulates alpha receptors and thus arterioles are constricted which decreases laryngeal edema
decreased stridor and less work to breathe!
what ROUTE of corticosteroids are preferred
oral/IM are preferred over inhaled
most commonly used corticosteroid for croup and why
dexamethasone
long t1/2
recent studies have shown _____ to be as effective as dexamethasone with even more rapid onset
nebulized budesonide
cystic fibrosis is autosomal ______
recessive
complications of CF
the thick secretions obstruct the pancreas which prevents the enzymes that digest to be released and absorb food
mucus can also block the bile duct into the liver, causing permanent liver damage
diabetes, osteoporosis, reproductive problems
about 70% of mutations in CF patients result from deleting ____ base paris in CFTR nucleotide sequence
3 pairs
CF mutation in delta 508 results in loss of what amino acid
phenylalanine
the most common CF mutation destabilizes _____
NBD1
how many mutation classes are there in CF
6
there are 6 classes of CF mutation.
state whether they are reduced QUANTITY of CFTR protein or reduced FUNCTION
class 3 and 4 are reduced function
all the others are reduced quantity
class ____ mutation is the most common CFTR mutation worldwide
II (F508del)
as the 6 classes go up (1 ->6) what happens to the CFTR-mediated chloride transport
class 6 has the most CFTR mediated chloride transport. just a stability defect
class 1 is ___ defect
class 2 is ____ defect
class 3 is ____
4..5..6..
class 1 - synthesis
class 2 - processing
class 3 - gating
class 4 - conductance
class 5 - splicing
class 6 - stability
how is the skin affected by CF
salty sweat
3 body areas for CF treatment
tracheobronchial tree
pancreas
GI tract
what is pulmozyme
a mucus thinning drug that reduces the number of lung infections in CF patients and improves lung function
what type of mutation is for ivacaftor for
class III
ivacaftor brand name
kalydeco
