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Nursing classes exams > Pharmacology exam #4 - Study guide > Flashcards

Pharmacology exam #4 - Study guide Flashcards

comprehensive part/ Endocrine/ oncology drugs and immunosuppressive drugs

1
Q

Cadaveric Transplantation

A

a dead person’s health organ transplanted to another individual in need of the organ (life-share_

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2
Q

Immune reconstitution inflammation Syndrome

A

a syndrome related to a disease-or pathogen-specific inflammatory response in patients with antiretroviral therapy being initiated or changed.

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3
Q

Induction Therapy

A

Treatment that provides these immunosuppression with drugs designed to diminish antigen presentation and T-cell response.

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4
Q

Living-donor transplantation

A

a living person organ donated to someone in need of the organ

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5
Q

Opportunistic Infection

A

Infections that occur in immunocompromised individuals who have a low white blood cell count.

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6
Q

Postexposure prophylaxis

A

the treatment regimen instituted after exposure to the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).

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7
Q

Transplant rejection

A

this occurs when the immune system of the transplant recipient attacks the transplanted organ.

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8
Q

viral Load

A

a measurement of the amount of a virus circulating in the blood

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9
Q

Window Period

A

the time delay from infection to a positive test result

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10
Q

Alkylating Drug

A

these are killers for all phases of the cancer cell cycle. example is cyclophosphamide

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11
Q

Antimetabolites

A

this chemotherapy can cross the blood brain barrier one of the contraindications is pregnant patients and narrow therapeutic index

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12
Q

Antineoplastic drugs

A

an agent that destroys all cancer cells

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13
Q

Antitumor antibiotics

A

these are highly protein bound and can be cardiotoxic these are colored red.

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14
Q

Apoptosis

A

cell death

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15
Q

Biologic response modifiers

A

these enhance, direct, and restore the body’s immune system

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16
Q

Capillary-leak syndrome

A

rare disorder that is from extravasation of plasma proteins and fluids in the extravascular space appearance of severe hypotension/ multiorgan dysfunction.

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17
Q

Cell cycle-nonspecific

A

medications that can act during any part of the cell cycle.

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18
Q

Cell-cycle specific

A

only work during a specific part of the cell cycle.

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19
Q

Colony-stimulating factors

A

help creates red blood cells and white blood cells

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20
Q

Combination Chemotherapy

A

the combination of 2 or more chemotherapy drugs to treat cancer in patients

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21
Q

Cytostatic therapy

A

inhibits extra cell growth of cancer cells.

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22
Q

cytotoxic therapy

A

this treatment kills the cancer cells

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23
Q

Erythropoietin

A

creates red blood cells also called EPO

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24
Q

Hormone agonists/antagonists

A

these are not meant to be chemotherapy but they mask the cancer cells and use prevention to producing hormones

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25
Q

Metastasis

A

cancer spread by the blood or through the tumor to other areas of the body

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26
Q

Mitosis

A

this is a cell division

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27
Q

Monoclonal antibodies

A

antibodies made by one clone of cells or a cell line

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28
Q

Efavirenz

A

Class of medication/purpose:
Antiretroviral treats HIV-1 or HIV-2

Side effects: rash, nausea, diarrhea, CNS effects, amnesia, dizziness, impaired concentration

Adverse reactions: allergic reaction, convulsion, liver failure, neuropathy, abnormal vision, hyperlipidemia

Education: the feeling of being drunk or stoned should clear up within a few weeks

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29
Q

Tenofovir

A

Class of medication/purpose of drug: antiretroviral treats HIV-1 and Hepatits B

SE: N/V/D, Insomnia, depression, fever, chest pain

AE: Latic acidosis, hepatomegaly, renal insuficiency,

teaching: teach about safe sex practices, inform patients to avoid otc certain medications, Inform this is not a cure it treats the symptoms only and lower the amount of virus transmissible to another recipient.

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30
Q

Zidovudine

A

Medication class/purpose of drug: Antiretroviral therapy used to trat HIV infection and prevention of maternal-fetal HIV transmission

SE: Headache, malaise, Nausea, anorexia, vomiting, asthenia

AE:severe anemia, lactic acidosis, neutropenia, pancytopenia, sezures, CHF, myelosuppression

Teaching: safe practices of sex and do not drive until you are adjusted on this medication as it can cause fainting or dizziness,

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31
Q

Atazanavir

A

Medication class/ purpose of drug: antiretroviral therapy

SE: Rash, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, fever

AE: atrioventricular block, hyperglycemia, Jaundice, lipodystrophy

Teaching: safe sex practices/

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32
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Medication Class/ Medication purpose: immunosuppressant these are used to prevent transplant rejection.

SE: Hypertension, hirsutism, infection, headache,

AE: transplant rejection, hypertension,

Teachings: do not go into large crowded areas as this drug puts you at a greater risk of infection, wear a mask when you go outside to prevent contracting a infection, drink bottled water only no tap water

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33
Q

Sirolimus

A

medication class/purpose of drug: Immunosuppressant

SE: rash, acne, photosensitivity

AE: Anemia, hepatotoxicity and pleural effusion

Teaching points: avoid large crowds and contact sports.
we will need to provide routine labsto check on your kidney and for infection.

34
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Medication class/purpose of drug: Antineoplastic drug

SE: N/V/D, anorexia, alopecia

AE: severe bladder inflammation, low WBC count (leukopenia), low platelet count less than 50,000, tumor lysis syndrome

Teaching point:
take early in the day to prevent the accumulation of the drug in the bladder, empty the bladder every 2-3 hours to prevent a bladder infection, use sunblock because this medication can make you sensitive to the sun,
do not crush this medication

35
Q

Nadir

A

the time at which the WBC count is the lowest between 7-10 days after treatment

36
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Medication class/purpose of drug: antitumor antibiotics attak tumors it is used in combination chemotherapy

SE: complete alopecia, stomatitis, anorexia, N/V/D, rash, reddish color urine

AE: cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression

teaching: use protective precautions avoid large crowds as you have a low WBC count meaning you are at a greater risk of infection.

37
Q

Low WBC count

A

Leukopenia

37
Q

Low red blood cell count

A

Anemia

38
Q

low platelet count

A

Thrombocytopenia

39
Q

Vincristine

A

medication class/purpose of medication: plant alkaloid prevent cell division from occurring of the cancer cell

SE:peripheral neuropathy, loss of deep tendon reflexes, phlebitis, constipation, cramps

AE: Neurotoxicity, sensory loss, hypotension, visual disturbances, hyponatremia,
life threatening-> intestinal necrosis, seizures, coma, acute bronchospasm, bone marrow suppression

Teaching: teach patient the signs of peripheral neuropathy, teach patients the signs of respiratory compromise, teach patient to report constipation, abdominal pain and difficulty with urination.

40
Q

Imatinib

A

Medication class/ purpose of drug: antineoplastic tyrosine kinase inhibitor meant to indice apoptosis of the cancer cell

SE: edema, fluid retention, GI irritation, hematologic, dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity, electrolyte abnormalities

AE: cerebral edema, cardiac tamponade, increase ICP and papilledema

teaching: report symptoms immediately of black coffee ground looking output, yellowing of the skin report immediately to your provider, avoid grapefruit juice

41
Q

targeted therapies

A

-mab, -mib, -nibs

42
Q

Rituximab

A

Medication class/purpose of drug: Monoclonal antibody targeted therapy

SE: bone marrow suppression with pancytopenia, tumor lysis syndrome, hypotension, night sweats, joint and muscle aches, headache

AE: infusion reactions, cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure,

Teaching: monitor glucose more frequently for diabetic patients, teach proper waste of agents,

43
Q

Filgrastim

A

Medication class/purpose of drug: colony stimulating factor decrease the incidence of infection in patients

SE: N/V/D, fever, fatigue, skin rash, anorexia, sore throat, dizziness, dyspnea

AE: Splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, MI, Capillary leak syndrome,

teaching: use protective precautions

44
Q

Somatropin

A

Purpose: given for people with growth horomone deficiency secretes growth horomone deficiency from pituitary gland

Routes: PO and IM

SE:paresthesia, arthralgia, myalgia, peripheral edema, weakness, and cephalgia

AE: Diabetes,seizures, intracranial hypertension, and secondary malignancy

Nursing considerations: epiphyseal closure

Teachings: do not take antidiabetic medication with this medication as it can cause hypoglycemia.

45
Q

bromocriptine

A

Purpose of medication: inhibits the secretion of growth hormone is part of the pituitary gland
SE:hyperhidrosis, cephalgia, and fatigue
AE:chest pain, hypertension, and elevated hepatic transaminases (cardiac effects, seizures, CVA) (neuro effects)
Teachings: take this with food

46
Q

Vasopressin/desmospressin

A

purpose of medication: ADH promotes water reabsorption from the renal tubules from the posterior pituitary glands treats Diabetes Insipidus (dry inside) it slows urine loss

SE/AE: hyponatremia, cephalgia, dyspepsia, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Seizures may occur due to hyponatremia. Hypotension and tachycardia can occur due to hypovolemia.

47
Q

Conivaptan/tolvaptan

A

Purpose: increase the excretion of urine for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

SE: related to fluid loss ( contipation, dry mouth, thirst, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension )

48
Q

what are nursing considerations for somatropin and bromocriptine?

A

monitor blood glucose, electrolytes/ must be administered before epiphyses are fused/ drugs should be tapered, do not abruptly stop medication

49
Q

what are some nursing considerstions to know about Conivaptan and vasopressin/desmopressin

A

monitor vital signs, fluid status, OU, daily weight

50
Q

Levothyroxine Sodium

A

Medication purpose: to treat low levels of T3 and T4 replacement therapy for hypothyroidism

SE: nervousness, tremors, diarrhea, and insomnia

AE: thyroid storm

teaching: should be taken on an empty stomach at least 30-60 minutes before breakfast

51
Q

thyroid storm

A

can result from abrupt withdrawal from medication

symptoms/signs: tachycardia, flushed skin, dysrhythmias, fever, heart failure, apathy, confusion, behavioral changes, and from long term vascular collapse and hypotension

52
Q

Methimazole

A

purpose of medication: anti-thyroid drugs used for hyperthyroidism used in thyrotoxic crisis and in preparation for subtotal thyroidectomy

Nursing considerations: monitor vital signs, monitor serum T3/T4/TSH, administer thyroid replacement drug 30-60 minutes before breakfast, administer antithyroid drugs with meals, check labels before using OTCs, encourage medical alert tag, warn foods that inhibit thyroid secretion, warn of iodine effects, do not abruptly stop medications, advise to report signs of hypothyroidism/hyperthyoidism

53
Q

Calcitriol

A

Purpose of the medication: hypocalcemia treatment secretes calcium in the PTH

SE: signs of hypercalcemia (fatigue, weakness, N/V/D, lethargy)
AE: late signs of hypercalcemia (anorexia, photophobia, dehydration, cardiac arrhythmias, decreased libido, hypertension, sensory disturbances, hypercalciuria, hypercalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia.)

54
Q

causes of hypocalcemia

A

Vitamin D deficiency, renal impairment, diuretic therapy

55
Q

Cinacalcet

A

MOA: reduces PTH secretion from mimicing calcium in the blood

Purpose of the medication: reduce PTH secretion in the blood

Teaching: Check serum calcium 1 wk after initiating treatment and 2 months thereafter, administer with food

nursing considerations: patients with hypocalcemia

56
Q

Biphosphates

A

ending: -dronate

Purpose of medication: for osteoporosis
from the parathyroid gland

teaching: adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium

SE: abdominal and Musco skeletal pain, GI upsets, hypotension, and fever

Nursing considerations: esophageal constructures

57
Q

normal calcium level

A

9-11 mg/dl

58
Q

nursing consideration for parathyroid medications or calcitrol or cincalet or -dronate medication

A

take 30 minutes before first food in the am- must sit or stand upright or at least 30 minutes after administration

59
Q

Prednisone

A

purpose of medication: decrease inflammation
diagnosis: addisons disease adrenal hyposecretion (addisons disease)/ adrenal hypersecretion (cushing syndrome)

SE: increased appetite, sweating, headache, flushing, mood changes, depression, psychosis,
tachycardia, hypertension

AE: abrupt withdrawal of medication leading to tachycardia

60
Q

Rapid acting insulin names

A

insulin Lispro/ Insulin aspart

61
Q

Rapid acting insulin Onset/ duration/ peak

A

Onset: about minutes
Duration: 2-5 hours
Peak: 30-90 minutes
(clear vial)

62
Q

Fast acting insulin names

A

Insulin regular

63
Q

fast acting insulin onset duration peak (clear)

A

Onset: 30 minutes
Duration:4-12 hours
Peak: 1.5-3.5 hours

64
Q

Intermediate acting insulin names

A

NPH-isophane

65
Q

Intermediate acting onset duration peak

A

Onset: 1-2 hours
Duration: 14-24 hours
peak: 4-12 hours

66
Q

Long acting insulin name

A

insulin glargine/insulin detemir

67
Q

Insulin glargine

A

(long acting)
onset of action: 1 hour
duration: 24 hours
administered at Bedtime

68
Q

what is the only type of insulin given IV and in what situation would it be given IV and what is the peak

A

fast acting regular insulin would be given if patient was in DKA and the peak is 15 minutes

69
Q

what is a sulfonureas

A

-izide/ -buride

purpose: stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete more insulin

70
Q

what is a Biguanides

A

Metformin
Purpose: regulate blood glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes mellitus
dizziness, headache, weakness, flushing chills
AE: palpitations, chest pain, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis

71
Q

Insulin Detemir

A

(long acting)
Duration 24 hours
Peak 6-8 hours

72
Q

what are the 2 types of insulin that can be in the same syringe

A

Regular/ NPH
(clear before cloudy)

73
Q

what antidiabetic medications are contraindicate in heart disease

A

Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone

74
Q

what are signs of digoxin toxicity

A

halos around lights, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, headahces, malaise

75
Q

what is the antidote for digoxin

A

Digoxin-immune Fab

76
Q

what is a nitrates

A

-nit

77
Q

how long does nitroglycerin effects last for

A

30-60 minutes

78
Q

nitroglycerin side effects and adverse effects

A

hypotension, dizziness, flusing, weakness, and faintness

79
Q

what are calcium channel blockers

A

Verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem

80
Q

what is a sodium channel blocker

A

Lidocaine

81
Q

Transplant rejection

A

Elevated temp, drop in blood pressure, elevated hr, increased respirations

Nursing classes exams (5 decks)

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