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PR2152 > Pharmacology GIT > Flashcards

Pharmacology GIT Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide

A

Antacid, osmotic laxative (GERD, N/V related to GERD, Constipation), should be taken with or after food for longer duration of action,
may cause diarrhoea.

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2
Q

Aluminium Hydroxide

A

Antacid (GERD, N/V related to GERD), should be taken with or after food for longer duration of action, may cause constipation.

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3
Q

Calcium carbonate*

A

Antacid (GERD, N/V related to GERD) should be taken with or after food for longer duration of action, belching may occur.

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4
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Antacid (GERD, N/V related to GERD, Constipation), should be taken with or after food for longer duration of action, belching may occur.

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5
Q

magnesium trisilicate

A

antacid, PUD/GERD use, gaviscon chewable tablet

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6
Q

Famotidine*

A

Histamine-2 receptor antagonist (GERD, PUD) GERD dosing: 20 mg BD. headache, constipation, diarrhoea.

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7
Q

Cimetidine

A

Histamine-2 receptor antagonist (GERD, PUD) GERD dosing: 800 mg BD/400mg QDS
headache, constipation, diarrhoea.
*long term use may result in gynecomastia in men or galactorrhea in women
*potent CYP1A2, 3A4, 2C19, 2D6 inhibitor

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8
Q

Ranitidine

A

Histamine-2 receptor antagonist (GERD, PUD) GERD dosing: 150 mg BD. headache, constipation, diarrhoea.
*not used in US but still used in SG

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9
Q

Nizatidine

A

Histamine-2 receptor antagonist (GERD, PUD) GERD dosing: 150 mg BD. headache, constipation, diarrhoea.

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10
Q

Omeprazole*

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor (GERD, combination therapy in H.pylori eradication, PUD, NSAIDs induced PUD,
GERD: 10/20 mg QD –> up to 20mg BD
Eradication therapy: 20mg BD 14 days
PUD: 20/40 mg QD
taken before food (30-60 mins)
chronic use leads to possible hypergastrinemia.
*Potent CYP2C19 inhbitor

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11
Q

Esomeprazole

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor (GERD, combination therapy in H.pylori eradication, PUD, NSAIDs induced PUD,
GERD: 20-40 mg QD
taken before food (30-60 mins)
chronic use leads to possible hypergastrinemia.

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12
Q

Pantoprazole

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor (GERD, combination therapy in H.pylori eradication, PUD, NSAIDs induced PUD,
GERD: 40 mg QD
Eradication therapy: 40/80mg BD 14 days
PUD: 40 mg QD
taken before food (30-60 mins)
chronic use leads to possible hypergastrinemia.

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13
Q

Lansoprazole

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor (GERD, combination therapy in H.pylori eradication, PUD, NSAIDs induced PUD,
GERD: 15/30 mg QD
Eradication therapy: 30mg BD 14 days
PUD: 15/30 mg QD to treat/prevent respectively
taken before food (30-60 mins)
chronic use leads to possible hypergastrinemia.

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14
Q

Sodium alginates*

A

Alginates (GERD) mechanical barrier formation which floats above gastric contents to prevent reflux. usually combined with antacids (sodium bicarb) eg: Gaviscon double action.

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15
Q

Vonoprazan

A

Potassium Competitive Acid Blocker
(GERD, more potent acid suppressor in H.pylori eradication therapy)
GERD: 8 weeks 20 mg QD or 6 months 10 mg QD for healing
eradication therapy: 20 mg BD 14 days

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16
Q

Dexlansoprazole

A

PPI (GERD)
GERD: 30 mg QD for 4 weeks

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17
Q

Rabeprazole

A

PPI (GERD,PUD)
GERD: 20 mg QD

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18
Q

Bethanechol

A

Cholinomimetic as a muscarinic agonist
(GERD, gastroparesis, post surgical delayed GER)
cholinergic side effects include bradycardia, increased salivation, diarrhoea.

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19
Q

Neostigmine

A

Cholinomimetic as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
(GERD, gastroparesis, post surgical delayed GER)
cholinergic side effects include bradycardia, increased salivation, diarrhoea.

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20
Q

metoclopramide*

A

dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
(GERD, functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, antiemetic at higher doses)
extrapyramidal effects, neuropsychiatric effects, tardive dyskinesia in serious cases.

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21
Q

domperidone*

A

dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
(GERD, functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis)
*more well tolerated than metoclopramide as it does no cross the blood brain barrier

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22
Q

hyoscine

A

antispasmodic as an anticholinergic
(used in IBS)

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23
Q

dicyclomine

A

antispasmodic as an anticholinergic
(used in IBS)

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24
Q

psyllium

A

bulk forming laxative (constipation relief and promote evacuation of bowel)
increase flatulence and bloating

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25
methylcellulose
bulk forming laxative (constipation relief and promote evacuation of bowel) increase flatulence and bloating
26
polycarbophil
bulk forming laxative (constipation relief and promote evacuation of bowel) increase flatulence and bloating
27
docusate
stool surfactant laxative (constipation relief and promote evacuation of bowel) oral capsules/enema
28
glycerin
stool surfactant laxative (constipation relief and promote evacuation of bowel) suppository
29
mineral oil
stool surfactant laxative (constipation relief and promote evacuation of bowel), abdominal cramps, oily rectal leakage, possible aspiration leading to lipids pneumonitis, long term use may lead to impairment of fat soluble vitamins
30
sorbitol
osmotic laxative (constipation relief and promote evacuation of bowel) flatus and cramps possible
31
lactulose
osmotic laxative (constipation relief and promote evacuation of bowel) flatus and cramps possible
32
(balanced) polyethylene glycol (PEG)
osmotic laxative use to clear bowels before GIT endoscopy or surgery
33
senna
stimulant laxative (cathartics) (constipation relief and promote evacuation of bowel) possible risk of dependence of drug in long term use
34
cascara
stimulant laxative (cathartics) (constipation relief and promote evacuation of bowel) possible risk of dependence of drug in long term use
35
bisacodyl
stimulant laxative (diphenylmethane derivative) (constipation relief and promote evacuation of bowel)
36
Naldemedine
opioid receptor antagonist laxative (constipation relief for opioid induced constipation) nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea
37
Naloxegol
opioid receptor antagonist laxative (constipation relief for opioid induced constipation) nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea
38
Methylnaltrexone
opioid receptor antagonist laxative (constipation relief for opioid induced constipation) nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea
39
Alvimopan
opioid receptor antagonist laxative (constipation relief for opioid induced constipation) nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea
40
Lubiprostone
chloride secretion activator laxative (chronic constipation and IBS with constipation) nausea
41
Linaclotide
chloride secretion activator laxative (chronic constipation and IBS with constipation) *short chain amino acid diarrhoea
42
Plecanatide
chloride secretion activator laxative (chronic constipation and IBS with constipation) *short chain amino acid diarrhoea
43
Prucalopride
serotonin 5HT3 receptor agonist laxatives (chronic constipation) nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea
44
Diphenoxylate
Opioid derivative (diarrhoea) usually combined with atropine to prevent risk of addiction of analgesic effects (at high doses, analgesic effects have potential to be observed, giving rise to risk of abuse) High dose of atropine may result in anticholinergic effects
45
loperamide
opioid derivative (diarrhoea) *no analgesic effect due to inability to cross the blood brain barrier
46
kaolin-pectin
absorbent antidiarrheal (diarrhoea) possible constipation and interference with absorption of other drugs *low evidence on efficacy.
47
Sucralfate
(NSAIDs induced PUD) mucosal protectant which forms complex with positively charged ulcer exudates--> adhesive protective substance to protect and facilitate healing of ulcer *used when NSAIDs do not need to be continued
48
Misoprostol*
synthetic PGE1 analogue, (NSAID induced PUD) *used when NSAIDs need to be continued
49
Dimenhydrinate*
P-only antihistamine (N/V associated with motion disturbances) 50-100 mg every 4-6 hrs prn anticholinergic effects (blurred vision, xerostomia, tachycardia) and CNS effects (delirium, drowsiness)
50
Dephenhydramine*
P-only antihistamine (N/V associated with motion disturbances) 25-50 mg every 4-6 hrs prn anticholinergic effects (blurred vision, xerostomia, tachycardia) and CNS effects (delirium, drowsiness)
51
Hydroxyzine*
POM antihistamine (N/V associated with motion disturbances) 25-100 mg every 4-6 hrs prn *used as adjunct therapy anticholinergic effects (blurred vision, xerostomia, tachycardia) and CNS effects (delirium, drowsiness)
52
Scopolamine/hyoscine butylbromide*
anticholinergic agent, (N/V associated with motion disturbances) *formulated as transdermal patch 1.5mg /72 hours per patch
53
Doxylamine
antihistamine (N/V associated with pregnancy) *usually combined with vitamin B9 (Diclectin) 10 mg Doxylamine + 10 mg pyridoxine
54
Haloperidol*
Butyrophenone (1st gen antipsyhotic), (breakthrough CINV, N/V associated with terminal illness, mod/advanced PONV) 0.5-2 mg every 4-6 hrs prn
55
Droperidol
Butyrophenone (1st gen antipsyhotic), restricted as rescue antiemetic for PONV
56
Olanzapine
2nd gen antipsychotic (acute and delayed CINV, breakthrough CINV) *often used in combination with 5HT3RAs, NK1RAs, dexamethasone due to improved nausea control after highly emetic chemotherapy
57
Dexamethasone
Corticosteroid (complicated N/V such as CINV, RINV, PONV) often used in combination with 5HT3RAs, NK1RAs
58
ondansetron*
5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist (CINV, RINV) QTc prolongation, bradycardia, constipation
59
palonosetron
5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist (CINV, RINV) *lower QTc prolongation risk and longer t 1/2
60
granisetrion
5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist (CINV, RINV) *available in transdermal patch
61
aprepitant
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (acute and delayed CINV) *combined with 5HT3RAs, olanzapine, dexamethasone as combination therapy as standard of care for CINV prevention
62
fosaprepitant
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (acute and delayed CINV) *combined with 5HT3RAs, olanzapine, dexamethasone as combination therapy as standard of care for CINV prevention
63
netupitant
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (acute and delayed CINV) *combined with 5HT3RAs, olanzapine, dexamethasone as combination therapy as standard of care for CINV prevention (300mg netupitant combined with 0.5mg palanosetron)
64
casopitant
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (acute and delayed CINV) *combined with 5HT3RAs, olanzapine, dexamethasone as combination therapy as standard of care for CINV prevention

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