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NCLEX Pharmacology and labs > Pharmacology NCLEX study > Flashcards

Pharmacology NCLEX study Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q
  • cort-
  • lone
  • sone
A

corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory)
cortisone, hydrocortisone
methylprednisone, prednisolone, cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone
Side effects: weight gain, mood swings, blurry vision, bruises, hyperglycemia, weakness, immunosuppression

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2
Q

-caine

A

local anesthetics
bupivacaine, cocaine, lidocaine, xylocaine
Side Effects: Bruising, itching, redness at injection site, numbness, nausea.

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3
Q

-Ane

A

General anesthetics
cyclohexane, ethane, flurane
Side Effects: Sedation, respiratory depression, malignant hyperthermia, dry mouth, N/V post op.

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4
Q

-Barbital

A

Barbiturates (sedative-hypnotics)
Amobarbital, Pentobarbital, Secobarbital
Side Effects: dizziness, sedation, headache, NV, abdominal pain

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5
Q

-Zoline

A

nasal decongestants
oxymetazoline, xylometazoline
Side Effects: dryness or burning in nose, sneezing, dizziness, headache

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6
Q

Warfarin monitor for/antidote

A

PT, INR

antidote: vitamin K

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7
Q

Heparin monitor/antedote

A

aPTT

antidote: protamine sulfate

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8
Q

-Zine

A

Phenothiazines (antipsychotics)
chlorpromazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine
Side Effects: dry mouth, confusion, dizziness, trembling, extrapyramidal symptoms.

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9
Q

-Tidine

A

H2 receptor antagonist (anti-ulcer)
cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, ranitidine
Side Effects: headache, rarely-diarrhea, dizziness, rash, gynecomastia

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10
Q

-stine

A

antineoplastics (anti-tumor)
carmustine, lomustine, vinblastine, vincristine
Side effects: Pancytopenia, fatigue, NVD, anorexia, hair loss, skin changes

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11
Q

-Terol

A

bronchodilators
albuterol, bitolterol, levalbuterol, pirbuterol
Side Effects: Tachycardia, arrhythmias, NVD, headache, insomnia, palpitations

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12
Q

-stigmine

A

cholinergics (gluacoma & myasthenias gravis)
neostigmine, physostigmine, pyridostigmine
Side effects: increased sweating, incontinence, weakness, NVD, abdominal pain, bradycardia, excessive drooling.

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13
Q

-Calci-

A

calcium and vitamin D supplements
calciferol, calcitriol, ergocalciferol
side Effects: irritability, chest pain, shortness of breath, NV, weight loss, weakness.

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14
Q

-dronate

A

bisphosphonates (slow down/prevent bone loss)
alendronate, etidronate, pamidronate, risedronate
side effects: bone pain, GI upset, flu-like symptoms, hypocalcemia, rash

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15
Q

-Ine

A

stimulants
amphetamine, caffeine, terbutaline, theophylline
Side Effects: anorexia, tachycardia, nausea, hypertension, excitability, insomnia

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16
Q

-setron

A

5-HT3 receptor blocker (anti-emetics)
dolasetron, granisetron, ondansetron
Side Effects: Headache, fatigue, flushing, rash, prolonged QT interval, diarrhea

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17
Q

digoxin therapeutic level

A

0.8- 2 mcg/L

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18
Q

cef-

ceph-

A

caphalosporins (antibiotics)
cefadroxil, cefaclor, cefixime, cefibuten
cephalexin, cephapirin, cepharadine
Side effects: stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, thrush, rash

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19
Q

rifa-

A

antituberculines
rifamate, rifampin, rifapentine, rifater
Side Effects: ototoxicity, hepatotoxicity, joint pain, NV, anorexia.

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20
Q

-actone

A

potassium sparing diuretic
aldactone, spironolactone
Side Effects: hyperkalemia, headache, hyponatremia, dizziness, muscle cramps
hypotension.

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21
Q

-cillin

A

Penicillins
ampicillin, penicillin, nafcillin
side effects: hypersensitivity, NVD, abdominal pain, C. difficle

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22
Q
  • cyclovir
  • ciclovir
  • vir
A 
antivirals
famciclovir
ganciclovir
acyclovir
valacyclovir
abacavir
zanamivir
Side Effects: NVD, muscle aches, vision changes, head ache, weakness
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23
Q

-dazole

A

nitroimidazole (antimicrobial)
metronidazole
Side Effects: candida, weakness, headache, neurotoxicity

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24
Q

-pril

A

ACE inhibitors (antihypertensives)
benazepril, captopril, moexipril, quinapril, enalapril
Side Effects: dry mouth, cough, fatigue, dizziness, headaches, hypotension

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25
-prazole
proton pump inhibitors (antiulcer) iansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole Side Effects: NVD, abdominal pain, fever, headache, flatulence
26
-azole
antifungals butoconazole, econazole, fluconazole Side Effects: nausea, dark urine, clay colored stools, flu-like symptoms, red skin rash.
27
- Navir | - Vudine
HIV/AIDS antivirals amprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir lamdivudine, stavudine, zidovudine Side Effects: NVD, anorexia, fatigue, anxiety, nephro/hepatotoxicity.
28
-Floxacin
Fluoroquinolones (antibiotics) ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin side effects: NV, GI upset, dizziness, insomnia, headache
29
-micin
aminoglycosides (antibiotics) gentamicin Side Effects: candida, weakness,headache, neurotoxicity
30
-mycin
aminoglycosides/macrolides erythromycin, Tobramycin, vancomycin Side Effects: ototoxicity, hypersensitivity, cholestatic hepatitis, NVD
31
sulfa-
sulfonamides (antibiotics) sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfasoxazole Side effects: skin rash, itching, headache, NVD, tiredness, dizziness
32
-Quine
antiparasitics chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine Side Effects: anorexia, headache, dizziness, weight loss, neuropathy.
33
-Semide
Loop Diuretic Bumetanide, Furosemide, Torsemide Side Effects: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, thirst, headache, hypotension
34
-thiazide
Thiazide diuretics Benzthiazide, hydrochlorothiazide Side Effects: anorexia, dizziness, GI upset, headache, weakness, hypotension.
35
-Ase
Thrombolytics (clot busters) Eminase, REtavase, streptokinase Side Effects: Bleeding, Bruising easily, possible embolus, acute kidney injury
36
-parin
anticoagulant enoxaparin, heparin side effects: bleeding, bruising, thrombocytopenia
37
-Azosin
``` Alpha blockers (adrenergic antagonists) Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin Side Effects: orthostatic hypotension, edema, headache, tiredness, itching. ```
38
-lol
``` beta blockers (adrenergic antagonists) atenolol, propranolol, sotalol, metoprolol Side Effects: Bradycardia, weakness, orthostatic hypotension, headache, GI upset. ```
39
- Dipine | - Zem
Calcium Channel Blocker Amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, nifedipine diltazem Side Effects: Headache, flushing, edema, hypotension, nausea, drowsiness.
40
-sartan
angiotensin -ii receptor blockers (ARB) candesartan, losartan, telmisartan, valsartan Side effects: NVD, dizziness, headache, cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension
41
-statin
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (cholesterol reducers) rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin Side Effects: Headache, insomnia, flushing, muscle aches, NV, abdominal pain
42
phenytoin therapeutic level
10-20 mcg/mL
43
lithium therapeutic level
0.4-1.4 mEq/L
44
theophylline therapeutic level
10-20 mcg/mL
45
- Lam - Pam - Zolam
``` Benzodiazepines (anxiolytics) alprazolam, midazolam diazepam, Lorazepam alprazolam, midazolam Side Effects: Confusion, drowsiness, sedation, weakness, respiratory depression, ataxia (symptoms which mimic being drunk)., dizziness ```
46
-Profen
NSAIDS (anti-inflammatory) Fenoprofen, Ibuprofen, ketoprofen Side Effects: stomach ulcers/pain, headache, bleeding, hypersensitivity.
47
-Triptan
anti-migraines Naratriptian, Rizatriptan Side Effects: Drowsiness, weakness, numbness or tingling, nausea
48
-Ergot_
Ergotamines (anti-migraine) Ergotamine, Dihydroergotamine Side Effects: dizziness, vertigo, weakness, NV, mild itching
49
-Triptyline
Tricyclics (antidepressants) Amitriptyline, nortriptyline, protriptyline Side Effects: Blurred Vision, constipation, dry mouth, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, urine retention
50
Aspirin
-do not give with other anticoagulants stop taking before surgery do not give to children with viral infection (Reye's syndrome)
51
NSAIDS (ibuprofen)
contraindicated with GI ulcers
52
Opioids (morphine)
respiratory depressant | antidote: Naloxone
53
Dilantin
anticonvulsant gum hyperplasia (regular dental checkups) monitor therapeutic levels.
54
Prednisone
``` anti-inflammatory -cushing-like symptoms immunosuppression hyperglycemia osteoporosis ```
55
Heparin
anticoagulant aPTT Antidote: Protamine Sulfate
56
Warfarin
anticoagulant PT/INR antidote: vitamin K
57
Benztropine
anti-parkinsonian | treats extrapyramidal symptoms
58
Carbidopa/Levodopa
anti-parkinsonian | effective in the absence of tremors
59
Propanolol
do not stop abruptly | masks signs of hypoglycemia
60
Potassium Chloride
``` Potassium supplement Check labs prior to administration never give IV push caution with potassium sparing diuretic do not give with renal failure ```
61
Theophylline
brochodilator | monitor therapeutic levels
62
Albuterol
monitor for tachycardia & tremors | may also decrease potassium levels.
63
digoxin
cardiac glycoside toxicity( visual changes, yellow/green halo; loss of appetite) assess apical pulse for a full minute prior to administration.
64
Magnesium sulfate
``` anti-eclamptic used in preeclampsia monitor deep tendon reflexes assess for respiratory depression seizure precautions ```
65
furosemide (diuretics)
potassium wasting | monitor potassium levels (decreased potassium)
66
spironolactone
potassium sparing diuretics | monitor potassium levels (increased potassium)
67
lithium
therapeutic range 0.8-1.2 | increased fluid intake
68
``` MAOI's rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Zelapar), isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), and. tranylcypromine (Parnate). ```
avoid food with tyramine (aged cheeses, wine)
69
disulfiram
avoid alcohol intake of any kind (mouthwash, OTC, cough syrups)
70
oxytocin
assess uterus for tetanic contraction (constant) | monitor fetal heart rate
71
terbutaline
tocolytic (stop contractions) don't give before 20 weeks monitor fetal heart rate
72
amphotericin B (antifungal)
``` IVPB Slow Monitor for renal damage increase fluid intake assess K+ and BUN assess hearing ```
73
atropine (anticholinergic)
GI- slows motility eyes- dilates pupils (avoid in glaucoma) cardiac - increase heart rate resp- bronchodilation
74
chemotherapy
use extreme caution | wear gloves and mask while mixing and administering
75
allupurinol
anti-gout increase fluid intake avoid organ meats pt will have increased urine output
76
colchicine
anti-gout | may cause bloody diarrhea if toxicity occurs.
77
miotics
constrict pupils | used with glaucoma (allows for increased drainage of aqueous humor)
78
mydriatics
dilate pupils | avoid with glaucoma-increased intraocular pressure
79
calcium
9 to 10.5 mg/dL
80
magnesium
1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L
81
Phosphorus (PO4)
3 to 4.5
82
Chloride
98 to 106 mEq/L
83
RBC
male 4.7 to 6.1 | females 4.2 to 5.4 million/uL
84
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
less than 20 mm/hr
85
Total serum cholesterol
less than 200 mg/dL | risk for cardiac or stroke event with levels greater than 150 mg/dL is the target range for therapy
86
LDL
less than 130 mg/dL
87
HDL
males greater than 45 mg/dL | females greater than 55 mg/dL
88
triglycerides
less than 150 mg/dL males 40 to 160 females 35 to 135
89
PT
11 to 12.5 seconds | critical value greater than 20 seconds
90
Therapeutic range PT for anticoagulant therapy
1.5 to 2 times the normal or control value
91
activate partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
30 to 40 seconds. critical value greater than 70 seconds
92
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
60 to 70 seconds critical value greater than 100 Therapeutic range for anticoagulant therapy is 1.5 to 2 times the normal or control value
93
INR
normal INR is 0.8 to 1.1 if the client requires anticoagulation, the desired value is increased to approximately 2 to 3. Critical value greater than 5. The INR is a corrected ratio of a client's prothrombin time to normal. universal test is not affected by variations in laboratory norms.
94
platelets critical values
less than 20,000 or greater than 1 million
95
albumin
3.5 to 5 g/dl
96
ammonia
10 to 80 mcg/dL
97
total bilirubin
0.1 to 1 mg/dL
98
total protein
6 to 8 g/dl
99
urine specific gravity
1.005 to 1.030
100
urine protein
0 to 8 mg/dL
101
urine glucose
less than 0.5 g/day
102
urine ketones
none
103
urine pH
4.6 to 8
104
urine WBC
male 0 to 3 per highpower field; females 0-5 per high power field
105
creatinine clearance test
males 90 to 139 mL/min females 80 to 125 mL/min | This is a calculation of glomerular filtration rate and is the best indicator of overall renal function.
106
phenobarbital therapeutic range
10 to 40 mcg/mL
107
blood glucose fasting
70 to 105 mg/dL
108
glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
4 to 6% is expected range | greater than 8 % indicates poor diabetes mellitus control.

NCLEX Pharmacology and labs (1 decks)

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