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Pharmacology of female sex hormones Flashcards

(24 cards)

1
Q

What are the four superfamilies of receptors?

A
  • Ligand-gated ion channels
  • G-protein coupled receptors
  • Kinase-linked receptors
  • Nuclear receptors
    (1 - fastest 2 -slowest)
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2
Q

How does superfamily 4 work?

A
  • Agonist (hormone) binds to an intracellular receptor
  • Zinc finger domain opens up and allows binding to hormone responsive element located upstream from gene promotor region of DNA
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3
Q

What genetic changes can superfamily 4 result in?

A

Inc or Dec:

1) activity of RNA polymerase
2) which will affect gene transcription
3) which will affect translation of mRNA
4) which will alter synthesis of new protein altered cell response

  • Which will either enhance or suppress gene expression
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4
Q

Can oestrogen and progesterone be taken in pill form?

A
  • no very large 1st pass effect orally
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5
Q

In what form are oestrogen and progesterone given?

A

ethinyloestradiol (oestrogen)

Levonorgestrol or norethisterone (progesterone)

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6
Q

What occurs to oral contraceptives (pill) when be metabolised?

A
  • Undergo extensive first pass
  • levels of active hormone low and can be influenced by conditions affecting gut and liver
  • dietary changes and use of antibiotics can affect active concentrations
  • issues are avoided by parenteral administration (patch or implant)
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7
Q

How are female contraceptives often classified?

A
  • Most contraceptives are hormonal

- either progesterone only or progesterone and oestrogen

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8
Q

What are the routes of admission?

A
  • Oral
  • Injected
  • Implant
  • Intrauterine
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9
Q

What is usually first line contraceptive?

A

Combined oral contraceptive pill (the pill)

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10
Q

What hormones will the COCP affect?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

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11
Q

When should the COCP be taken?

A

21 days on 7 days off

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12
Q

When is the COCP contraindicated?

A
  • Migraine with aura
  • Heavy smoker and above 35
  • Breastfeeding
  • Uncontrolled hypertension
  • Personal history of VTE/cardio/CV disease or current breast cancer
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13
Q

What is the most common brand name for POP?

A

Cerelle

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14
Q

What are the forms of progesterone only contraceptive?

A
  • Progesterone only pill (POP)
  • Injectable form (Depo Provera)
  • ## LARC (long acting reversible contraception)
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15
Q

What are the most common side effects of progesterone only?

A
  • Irregular bleeding/spotting
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16
Q

What is the brand name for LARCs?

A

implants nexplanon or mirena coil (contains hormones unlike copper coil)

17
Q

What contraceptives have the highest failure rate?

A

non-hormonal methods

18
Q

What are the brand names for the morning after pill and how long after can the pill be taken?

A
  • Levonelle or EllaOne

- Can be taken 0-120 hours after

19
Q

What are the forms of emergency contraception?

A
  • Morning after pill

- Copper coil

20
Q

What factors will play into the choice of contraceptive?

A
  • PMH
  • Organ function
  • Allergies
  • Cost
  • Risk: Benefit
21
Q

What should patients look out for when taking COCP

22
Q

In what condition is hormone replacement therapy used?

23
Q

What are the symptoms of menopause?

A
  • poor sleep
  • Mood changes
  • Dry skin and hair
24
Q

When in HRT necessary?

A
  • Early menopause to ensure bone health

- Can also be used in menopause