pharmacology of the ans

Question 1

what NTS and receptor do both the parasympathetic and sympathetic use betwen pre and post synaptic neurons?

Answer 1

acetylcholine

nicotinic receptor

Question 2

what NTS and receptor do parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons use?

Answer 2

acetylcholine and muscarinic receptors on target organs

Question 3

what NTS and receptor do sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons use?

Answer 3

noradrenaline

alpha or beta adrenoreceptors

Question 4

what NTS and receptor do sweat glands use?

Answer 4

ACh and muscarinic receptors

Question 5

what NTS and receptor do kidneys use?

Answer 5

dopamine and dopamine receptors

Question 6

where are adrenaline and noradrenaline secreted from?

Answer 6

adrenal gland

Question 7

what are NANCs?

Answer 7

non-adrenergic non cholinergic - set of neurons that co-secrete other NTS along with NA and ACh

Question 8

what tissues are NANCs generally found in?

Answer 8

peripheral tissues - especially those of the GI tract and reproductive tract

Question 9

what substances can NANCs co-transport NA and ACh with?

Answer 9

Nitric oxide
ATP
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Neuropeptide
5-HT

Question 10

what nerves are NANCs found in?

Answer 10

Parasympathetic and vagus

Question 11

how do parasympathetic agonists produce a similar response to ACh?

Answer 11

activate muscarinic or nicotinic receptors

prevent ACh breakdown so more of the endogenous ligand

Question 12

what are nicotinic receptors selectively activated by?

Answer 12

alkaloid nicotine

Question 13

what are muscarinic receptors selectively activated by?

Answer 13

alkaloid muscarine

Question 14

what are nicotinic receptors?

Answer 14

petameric ligand gated sodium channels

Question 15

what are nicotinic receptors made up of?

Answer 15

5 subunits

2 alpha and 3 beta

Question 16

name some nicotinic agonists?

Answer 16

acetylcholine, carbachol
nicotine
suxamethonium

Question 17

where are alpha 3 nicotinic receptors found?

Answer 17

autonomic ganglia

Question 18

where are alpha 1 nicotinic receptors found?

Answer 18

neurotransmitter junction

Question 19

where are alpha 4 and 7 nicotinic receptors found?

Answer 19

CNS

Question 20

what does carbachol treat?

Answer 20

glaucoma

Question 21

how is carbachol administered?

Answer 21

topically - not absorbed well across the BBB or the gut

Question 22

what type of nicotinic receptor does nicotine affect?

Answer 22

those in the ganglia and CNS

Question 23

what does suxamethonium do?

Answer 23

short term nucleomuscular block

Question 24

what receptors does suxamethonium target?

Answer 24

alpha 1 - neurotransmitter junction

Question 25

what is the use of nicotine?

Answer 25

smoking cessation

Question 26

where are acetylcholine receptors found in the nervous system?

Answer 26

parasympathetic postganglionic - on effector tissues sympathetic postganglionic - sweat glands between pre and post synaptic neurons in para and symp

Question 27

where are muscarinic receptors found?

Answer 27

effector tissues innervated by postganglionic para axons | sympathetic post-ganglion neurons in sweat glands

Question 28

what are the types of muscarinic receptors and are they excitatory or inhibitory?

Answer 28

``` M1 - E M2 - I M3 - E M4 - I M5 - E ```

Question 29

where is M1 found and what does it do?

Answer 29

CNS | CNS excitation and gastric acid secretion

Question 30

where is M2 found and what does it do?

Answer 30

Heart | Cardiac inhibition

Question 31

where is M3 found and what does it do?

Answer 31

Exocrine glands - secretion Smooth muscles - contraction Vascular endothelium - vasodilation

Question 32

where are M4 and M5 found and what do they do?

Answer 32

CNS - memory, arousal, attention and analgesia

Question 33

name the non-selective nicotinic antagonists

Answer 33

hexamethonium pancuronium tubocurarine

Question 34

what does hexamethonium do and where does it act?

Answer 34

antihypertensive treatment | ganglionic

Question 35

what does pancuronium do and where does it act?

Answer 35

longer NMJ blocker lethal injection NMJ

Question 36

what does tubocurarine do and where does it act?

Answer 36

skeletal muscle - relaxation and paralysis | NMJ

Question 37

name the muscarinic agonists

Answer 37

carbuchol bethanechol pilocarpine

Question 38

what does bethanechol do and where does it act?

Answer 38

increases bladder and GI contraction and it acts on M3 receptor on detrusor muscle

Question 39

what does pilocarpine do and where does it act?

Answer 39

eye drops for glaucome and it acts on muscarinic