Pharmacology Orientation and Scope Flashcards
(24 cards)
Substance that brings about a change in biologic fx through is chemical action
Drug
Their role is to ensure drugs are proven safe and effective
FDA
This is converted to the active drug by biologic processes inside the body
Pro-drug
Field of study of the appropriate use of medications to effectively treat of prevent disease and manage symptoms
Pharmacotherapeutics
Field of study of genetic impact on drug metabolic or handling processes which can affect individual responses to drugs
Pharmacogenomics
Field of study utilizing scientific and economic methods to evaluate and compare value between therapies
Pharmacoeconomics
Field of study that applies epidemiological principles and methods to study the uses and effects of medications on large populations
Pharmacoepidemiology
For drugs to be considered pharmaceutically equivalent they must have what similar characteristics?
Same ingredients
Same dosage form/route
Same strength/concentration
Same standards for for quality/purity
What is the difference between therapeutic equivalence and bioequivalence?
Therapeutic: drugs must be pharmaceutically equivalent and have the same therapeutic/clinical effects and safety profile
Bioequivalence: similar rate and extent of absorption
What are A codes vs B codes when talking about the FDA code letter rating system for therapeutic equivalence?
A codes: drugs that are considered to be therapeutically equivalent to other pharmaceutically equivalent products
B codes: drugs that are NOT considered to be therapeutically equivalent to other pharmaceutically equivalent products
Mg= \_\_\_g Mcg= \_\_\_ mg mEq= \_\_\_ Eq Kg= \_\_\_ lbs
Tsp= \_\_\_ ml Tbsp= \_\_\_ ml Oz= \_\_\_ ml Ml/cc= \_\_\_ L Quart= \_\_\_\_ ml Pint= \_\_\_ ml Liter= \_\_\_\_ ml Gallon= \_\_\_\_ L
1/1000
1/1000
1/1000
2.2
5 15 30 1/1000 946 473 1000 3.79
Meds are designated into what two groups?
- Over the counter with no prescription
- Legend with prescription required: scheduled/controlled based on abuse potential/dose
Non-scheduled/non-controlled with no abuse potential
What is schedule 1 criteria?
Examples?
Drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Most dangerous with psychological or physical dependence
Heroin LSD Marijuana Ecstasy Methaqualone Peyote
What is schedule 2 criteria?
Examples?
Drugs with a high potential for abuse leading to psychological or physical dependence
Vicodin (< 15 mg of hydrocodone) Cocaine Methamphetamine Methadone Dilaudid Demerol Oxycodone Fentanyl Dexedrine Adderall Ritalin
What is schedule 3 criteria?
Examples?
Drugs with moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence
Tylenol Codeine Ketamine Anabolic steroids Testosterone
What is schedule 4 criteria?
Examples?
Drugs with low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence
Xanax Soma Darvon Darvocet Valium Ativan Talwin Ambien Tramadol
What is schedule 5 criteria?
Examples?
Drugs with lower potential for abuse, limited amounts of narcotics, used for antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic purposes
Robitussin Lomotil Motofen Lyrica Parepectolin
What are the pregnancy categories used by the FDA?
Pregnancy: pregnancy exposure registry, risk summary, clinical considerations, data
Lactation: risk summary, clinical considerations, data
Females and males of reproductive potential: pregnancy testing, contraception, infertility
Q.d. B.i.d. T.i.d. Q.i.d. Q.o.d Q.12h. Q.a.m Q.p.m. Q.h.s. P.r.n. A.c. P.c.
Every day Twice daily Three times daily Four times daily Every other day Every 12 hours Every morning Every evening Every night at bedtime As needed Before meals After meals
Eyes:
O.d.
O.s.
O.u.
Ears:
A.d.
A.s.
A.u.
Gtt
Right eye
Left eye
Both eyes
Right ear
Left ear
Both ears
Drops
P.o.
S.l.
I.v. I.m. SQ P.r. NGT OGT
By mouth
Sublingually
Intravenously Intramuscularly Subcutaneously Per rectum Naso-gastric tube Oro-gastric tube
Cap D Exlir G Gr Gt H Hs Pil Qh Sig Supp T Tab U
Capsule Day Liquid or syrup Gram Grain Drop Hour At bedtime Pill Every hour Patient instructions Suppository One tablet Tablet Unit
Rept Rx Sid Sos Stat Susp Vag
a Agit Aq Dil Disp Ext IA IVPB No
May be repeated Take Once a day If needed At once Suspension Vaginal
Before Shake Water Dissolve Dispense Extract Intra-arterial IV piggyback Number
What is the dosage formula?
The amount of medication to give in one dose
doctors order (D)/ supply on hand (H)) x quantity or form of medication (Q
