Pharmacology revision Flashcards
Staph weapon 1
Beta Lactamase
What are the 5 penicillin sub-families?
- Narrow spectrum penicillins
- aminopenicillins
- Antistaphylococcal
- Antipseudomonal penicillins
- Amoxicillin and Beta lactamase inhibitor
What cephalosporins used in veterinary medicine?
Divided into generations:
- 1st gen - Cephalexin and cefadroxil
- 2nd gen - cefuroxime and cephalonium
- 3rd gen - ceftiofur, cefovecin (convenia) and ceftazidime (antipseudomonal)
- 4th gen - none commonly used in veterinary med
NOTE: Order is decreasing gram +ve activity and increased gram -ve activity
What are some examples of aminoglycosides?
Neomycin, gentamicin, amakacin and tobramycin.
EXTRA NOTE: Transport into bacterial cell is dependent on oxygen - no effect on anaerobes
What are some adverse effects of aminoglycosides?
Nephrotoxicity
- drug concentrates in lysosomes in renal tubular epithelial cells
- Lysosome ruptures - acute tubular necrosis
Ototoxicity
- Vestibular and auditory nerves
- same mechanism as above
What are the first-line families used to inhibit inflamation?
NSAIDs
- Control musculoskeletal pain and swelling
- analgesics for mild to moderate pain
- reduce pyrexia (fever)
Steroidal anti-inflammatories - glucocorticosteroids (aka corticosteroids of GCS)
- Control immune mediated reactions - inhibit immune cells
- Higher doses used to control immune-mediated disease
- stabilise cell membranes
What are the functions of corticosteroids?
How do GCS inhibit immune cells?
On ligand binding to GCS receptor (2) the complex undergoes conformational change that triggers its translocation to the nucleus, where it exerts its actions mainly thorugh genomic transactivation or transrepression mechanisms.
GCS action is complex, it involved interactions with intracellular receptors and subsequent modulation of gene expression
What is the relationship between NSAID and GCS to control inflammation?
