Pharmacology - Smoking Cessation

Question 1

what is the “brain reward pathway” involved in nicotine/cigarette addiction?

Answer 1

the mesolimbic dopamine system

Question 2

effect of nicotine on the endocrine system

Answer 2

insulin resistence and hyperinsulinemia

Question 3

effect of nicotine on the lungs

Answer 3

bronchospasm

Question 4

why are smokers easily “winded” after moderate exercise

Answer 4

lot of reasons

nicotine constricts the terminal bronchioles
CO in smoke binds hemoglobin
lot of other reasons too.. air trapped in alveoli

Question 5

nicotine-rich blood passes from the lungs to the brain within SECONDS and immediately stimulates the release of what things?

Answer 5

acetylcholine
epi, norepi
histamin
serotonin
dopamine
endorphins

Question 6

true or false

nicotine depletes concentration and memory

Answer 6

false - actually increases bc of increased acetylcholine

also increased a;ertness

Question 7

true or false

nicotine reduces anxiety

Answer 7

true

due to release of endorphins

Question 8

differentiate between short, quick puffs of cigs and short/quick puffs

Answer 8

deep = depressant, sedative effect. enhances serotonin and opiate effect

short and quick - stimulating effect. LOW nicotine blood level which STIMULATES nerve transmission. enhanced action of dopamine and NE

Question 9

varenicline MOA

Answer 9

partial agonist at a4 and b2
full agonist at a7 nicotinic receptors

Question 10

metabolism of varenicline

Answer 10

LIMITED - less than 10% metabolized

Question 11

how is varenicline excreted

Answer 11

92% unchanged in the urine

Question 12

ADR of varenicline

what is the BBW

Answer 12

ADR - nausea, headache, vomiting, drowsy, gas, constipation, trouble sleeping, unusual dreams, changes in taste

BBW - suicidality, hostility, agitation

Question 13

true or false

varenicline has agonist and antagonist properties that together account for the reduction of craving and also block the rewarding effects of smoking

Answer 13

true

Question 14

buproprion MOA

Answer 14

NDRI

and also a NONCOMPETIVE antagonist at alpha nicotinic receptors

Question 15

parent compound of buproprion

Answer 15

amphetamine

Question 16

short term side effects of nicotine*

Answer 16

increased alertness
euphoria
muscle relaxation
nausea
increased psychomotor activity

Question 17

effect of nicotine withdrawal on appetite

Answer 17

increased appetite

Question 18

*also study asthma for final! he said it may come up

Answer 18

*

Question 19

from other slideset:

____ is a genetic risk factor for emphysema

Answer 19

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

Question 20

proteases that play an important role in emphysema

Answer 20

elastase and MMP-12