Pharmacology Terminology Flashcards
(65 cards)
What are biological drug targets?
Transporter, receptor, enzyme
Define receptor
Macromolecule in the membrane or inside the cell that specifically bind a ligand
The binding of a drug to a receptor depends on what?
Types of chemical bounds between drug and receptor
What determines the degree of affinity of ligand to receptor?
The strength of the chemical bonds
Define agonist
Produce the biological response as a result of receptor-ligand interactions
Define antagonist
Do not provoke any biological activity
Define allosteric modulators
A drug that binds to a receptor at a site distinct from the active site
A conformational change is induced in the receptor, altering the affinity of the receptor for the endogenous ligand
Define non-specific binding
Refers to an occurrence of a drug or an antibody binding to unintended proteins, receptors, or transporters
Define desensitization
A loss of responsiveness which may be due to the continued presence of an agonist at a receptor or repeated presentation of the agonist
Define dose
The quantity of drug, or dosage form, administered to a subject at a given time
What are the two terms that the dose may be described as?
Absolute dose → the total amount administered to a subject
Relative dose → relative to some property of the subject as body weight or surface area
Define dose response curve
The relationship between the compound dose plotted on the x-axis and the effect on the biological function plotted on the y-axis
Define EC50
The molar concentration of an agonist that produces a 50% response of the maximum possible response for that agonist
Define IC50
Molar concentration of an antagonist that causes 50% of the maximum possible inhibition
Define efficacy
Used to describe agonist responses in relation to receptor occupation
Define adverse effect
Unwanted effects, and other adverse effects can occur during a drug trial and are not necessary related to the drug
Define adverse drug reaction
Adverse drug reactions are all undesirable effects of drugs. There are two types: type a-side effects and type b-side effects
Define type A-side effects
Predictable based on the drugs mechanism of action and is dose-concentration dependent. This type is the most common, accounting for about 80% of all adverse events
Define type B-side effects
Usually unpredictable and not related to the drug’s mechanism of action or clearly dose-dependent
Define pharmacologic classification
Mechanism of action of the drug on molecular level.
Define pharmacologic effect
The physiologic change induced by the drug
Define placebo
Fake treatment, the medication without active ingredient
What are synonyms of placebo?
Dummy, inactive medicine, sugar pill, control
Define narcotic
Formerly an agent capable of producing coma or stupor
Now any drug which produces analgesia and is capable of producing stupor and addiction
