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Pharmacology 1 > Pharmacotherapy of parasitoses > Flashcards

Pharmacotherapy of parasitoses Flashcards

1
Q

Give example of intestinal tract protozoa?

A

Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum

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2
Q

Urogenital tract protozoa?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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3
Q

Blood and tissue protozoa?

A

Plasmodium spp, toxoplasma gondii, trypanosoma spp

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4
Q

Asexual life cycle of plasmodium consist of?

A

schizogony nd gametogony

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5
Q

What is involve in sexual life cycle of plasmodium

A

sporogony

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6
Q

Example of tissue schizonticides?

A

primaquine

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7
Q

ex of blood schizonticides

A

choroquine and quinine

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8
Q

ex of gametocides

A

primaquine

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9
Q

example of sporonticides

A

proguanil and pyrimethamine

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10
Q

Acts by preventing polymerization of heme into hemozoin?

A

chloroquine

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11
Q

Clinical use of chloroquine

A

malaria ( non falciparum, chloroquine sensitive), chemoprophylaxis ( chloroquine sensitive areas)

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12
Q

toxicities caused by chloroquine

A

retinl damage And auditory impairment; may precipitate porphyria

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13
Q

blocks DNA replication and transcription

A

Quinine

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14
Q

Clinical use of Quinine

A

malaria (chloroquine resistance), severe falciparum malaria

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15
Q

Toxicities caused by Quinine

A

Cinchonism, blackwater fever

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16
Q

Quinine is used with what drugs to limit toxicities?

A

doxycycline and clindamycin

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17
Q

Drug of choice for malaria in pregnant patients

A

quinine

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18
Q

Cinchonism is composed of what symptoms

A

headache, tinnitus, vertigo

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19
Q

Severe complication of P. falciparum malaria that is characterized by massive hemoglobinuria, acute renal failure and intravascular hemolysis

A

blackwater fever

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20
Q

derivative and alternative of quinine that is used in chemoprophylaxis (chloroquine resistant areas)

A

Mefloquine

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21
Q

Toxicities caused by Mefloquine

A

Cardiac conduction defects and psychiatric disorders

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22
Q

Forms electron- transferring redox compounds that act as cellukar oxidants (tissue schizonticide and gametocide)

A

Primaquine

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23
Q

Radical cure of P. vivax and P. ovale

A

Primaquine

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24
Q

Methemoglobinemia is caused by what drug?

A

Primaquine

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25
Q

Eradicates hypnozoites in the liver, preventing malarial relapse

A

Primaquine

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26
Q

combination of drug for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis ( chloroquine resistant P. falciparum)

A

Atovaquone-proguanil

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27
Q

Causes folic acid deficiency

A

Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine

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28
Q

Used for chemoprophylaxis ( multidrug resistant)

A

Doxycycline

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29
Q

toxicities caused by doxycycline?

A

Tooth enamel dysplasia/discoloration and photosensitivity

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30
Q

Containdicated in children less than 8 years old. also causes pseudotumor cerebri

A

doxycycline

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31
Q

Prototype drug of Halofantrine

A

Lumefantrine

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32
Q

Toxicities caused by halofantrine?

A

cardiotoxicity (prolong PR and QT interval) and abdominal pain

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33
Q

Used in combination with arthemeter ( Co-artem)

A

Lumefantrine

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34
Q

Acts by forming toxic free radicals in malarial food vacuole. blood schizonticide

A

Artemisinin

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35
Q

Drug of choice for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the Philippines

A

Co-artem

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36
Q

Dosage for multidrug-resistant areas

A

doxycycline 100 mg/tab, 1 tab daily

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37
Q

dosage for chloroquine resistant areas

A

Mefloquine 250 mg/ tab 1 tab weekly Malarone (atovaquone 250 mg/ proguanil 100 mg)/ tab, 1 tab daily

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38
Q

dosage for chloroquine sensitive areas

A

chloroquine 500 mg / tab, 1 tab weekly

39
Q

Protozoal infections are common in what countries?

A

underdeveloped tropical and subtropical countries

40
Q

Example of tissue amebicides

A

metronidazole, emetine, tinidazole and chloroquine

41
Q

example of luminal amebicides

A

diloxanide furoate, iodoquinol, paromomycin

42
Q

drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst carriers of E. histolytica

A

Diloxanide Furoate

43
Q

Tissue amebicide that acts by inhibiting protein synthesis and blocks ribosomal movement along messenger RNA

A

Emetine

44
Q

Backup drug for severe intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis

A

Emetine

45
Q

Toxicities caused by emetines

A

cardiovascular dysfunction (arrythmia and congestive heart failure

46
Q

Reserved only for situations when metronidazole cannot be used

A

emetine

47
Q

Thyroid enlargement and neurotoxicity is caused by what drug?

A

Iodoquinol

48
Q

toxicities caused by metronidazole

A

gastrointestinal irritation, metallic taste, dark urine, disulfiram- like reaction

49
Q

drug of choice for severe intestinal and extraintestinal Amebiasis, trichomonas, Giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

50
Q

backup for asymptomatic cyst carriers and used in intestinal amebiasis

A

Paromomycin

51
Q

inhibits protein synthesis. binds to 16S ribosomal subunit

A

Paromomycin

52
Q

Drug of choice for cryptosporidiosis

A

Nitazoxamide

53
Q

metronidazole-resistant amebiasis

A

nitazoxamide

54
Q

CD4 count that causes severe life threatening diarrhea from cryptosporidium parvum

A

CD4

55
Q

opportunistic intestinal protozoa that undergoes schizogony and gametogony

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

56
Q

Drug of choice for pneumocystis

A

co-trimoxazole

57
Q

toxicities caused by co-trimoxazole

A

acute hemolysis in G6PD deficiency, hypersensitivity, and kernicterus

58
Q

Co-trimoxazole is combination of what drugs?

A

Trimethoprim+Sulfamethoxazole

59
Q

Contraindicated in first trimester causes neurulation defects

A

co-trimoxazole

60
Q

Displaces protein binding of other drugs/bilirubin

A

co-trimoxazole

61
Q

backup for pneumocystis treatment and prophylaxis

A

Pentamidine

62
Q

Pentamidine is administered through what route?

A

nasal spray(aerosol)

63
Q

drug of choice of toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

64
Q

Does not cross the blood brain barrier and used for west african sleeping sickness (hemolymphatic stage)

A

Pentamidine

65
Q

Used in combination with melarsoprol

A

Suramin

66
Q

toxicities caused by suramin

A

Seizures, paresthesias, renal abnormalities( proteinuria), chronic diarrhea and agranulocytosis

67
Q

first line drug for hemolymphatic stage of East African sleeping sickness

A

Suramin

68
Q

Drug of choice for advance west african sleeping sickness and is less toxic than melarsoprol

A

Eflornithine

69
Q

drug of choice for african sleeping sickness

A

Melarsoprol

70
Q

Melarsoprol causes what toxicity?

A

reactive encephalophaty

71
Q

Route of administration for Melarsoprol

A

intramuscular

72
Q

drug of choice for chagas disease and backup for african sleeping sickness

A

Nifurtimox

73
Q

Drug of choice for Leishmaniasis except in India

A

Sodium stibogluconate

74
Q

sterile abscess, cardiotoxicity (T wave changes, QT prolongation is caused by what drug?

A

Sodium stibogluconate

75
Q

used for ascaris, pinworm, whipworm infections(DOC)

A

Mebendazole

76
Q

Drug of choice for Hydatid disease

used for Ascaris, hookworm, pinworm, whipworm infections

A

Albendazole

77
Q

drugs against nematodes that are Ovicidal

A

Mebendazole, albendazole, thiabendazole

78
Q

Drug of choice for Filariasis and eye worm disease

A

diethylcarbamazine

79
Q

Diethylcarbamazine may cause what reaction when used for onchocerciasis

A

Mazotti reaction

80
Q

filarial fever, toxicity associated with use of DEC is consist of?

A

fever, rashes, ocular damage, joint and muscle pain, lymphangitis

81
Q

intensifies GABA- mediated neurotransmissions in nematodes.

Acts by immobilizing the parasites

A

Ivermectin

82
Q

What type of reaction will result to the following s/sx:

fever, headache, dizziness, rashes, pruritus, tachycardia, hypotension, pain in joints, muscles and lymph glands

A

Mazzoti reaction

83
Q

drug of choice for strongyloides

A

Ivermectin

84
Q

Pyrantel pamoate is contraindicated in patients with what condition?

A

hepatic dysfunction

85
Q

it has wide activity against nematodes killing adult worms in colon but not the eggs

A

pyrantel pamoate

86
Q

hookworm and roundworm infections ( drug of choice)

pinworms backup

A

Pyrantel pamoate

87
Q

drug of choice for trichinosis

A

Thiabendazole

88
Q

toxicities caused by thiabendazole

A 
lekopenia
hematuria
hypersensitivity reactions
hepatotoxicity( intrahepatic cholestasis, liver failure)
reactions caused by dying parasites
89
Q

Drug of choice for trematodes and cestode except ecchinococcus granulosus

A

Praziquantel

90
Q

Praziquantel is contraindicated in what condition?

A

ocular cysticercosis may cause irreparable eye damage

91
Q

praziquantel is used with what drug in treating neurocysticercosis

A

corticosteroids

92
Q

Alternative drug for cestode infections

A

Niclosamide

93
Q

kills scolices and cestode segments but has no effect on ova

A

Niclosamide

94
Q

After taking niclosamide, ethanol consumption is avoided for how many hours?

A

48 hours

Pharmacology 1 (2 decks)

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