Pharmacy (Mason's Review) Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
What form is only used to prescribe controlled substances?
A
DD 1289
2
Q
What form is the poly-prescription?
A
NAVMED 6710/6
3
Q
What is required to be written on the prescription?
A
- Pt’s Full Name
- Date Prescription Written
- Pt’s age or DOB
- Full name of drug
- Form of drug
- Dosage size or strength written in metric system
- Directions for Pt
- Legible signature
- Refill authorization
4
Q
What is pharmacokinetics?
A
Activities of the drug after it enters the body. The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
5
Q
What are factors that alter bioavailability?
A
- Drug form
- Route of administration
- Changes in the liver metabolism caused by dysfunction
- GI mucosa and motility
- Food and drugs
- Solubility
6
Q
How does liver disease influence drug response?
A
A Pt with liver disease may require a LOWER DOSE of medication
7
Q
What is pharmacodynamics
A
Primary or desired effect. Drugs action and effects within the body
8
Q
What is an cumulative drug effect?
A
A drug effect that occurs when the body has not fully metabolized a dose of a drug before next dose is given
9
Q
What is psychological dependence
A
A compulsion to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience
10
Q
What is physical dependence?
A
A compulsion to use a substance repeatedly to avoid mild to severe withdrawal symptoms
11
Q
What is an additive drug reaction?
A
A reaction that occurs when two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone
12
Q
What is synergism?
A
A drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions. i.e. alcohol mixed with narcotics
13
Q
What are factors that influence drug response?
A
- Age
- Weight
- Gender
- Disease
- Rout of administration
- Drug use and pregnancy
14
Q
1 kilogram equals how many grams?
A
1000 grams
15
Q
1 gram equals how many milligrams?
A
1000 milligrams
16
Q
1 milligram equals how many micrograms?
A
1000 micrograms
17
Q
What is a subcutaneous route?
A
Injection places the drug into the tissues between the skin and the muscle
18
Q
What is an intramuscular route?
A
Injection places the medication directly into the muscle
19
Q
What is an intravenous route?
A
Drug given directly into the blood via a needle or catheter inserted into the vein
20
Q
What is an intradermal route?
A
Medication/agent placed between the first and second layer of the skin. Used to administer sensitivity tests. Inserted at 15 degree angle
21
Q
Which drugs have an almost immediate direct path to drug receptors?
A
Intravenous (IV)
22
Q
Which drugs have a systemic effect?
A
Transdermal
23
Q
Which drugs primarily have a local effect on the lungs
A
inhalation
24
Q
Which drugs have anticonvulsant properties, depress the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity, and cause drowsiness?
A
Barbiturates
25
Should alcohol be used with barbiturates?
NO
26
What antianxiety drug is used for short term use only?
Benzodiazepines
27
What are examples of antianxiety medications?
1. Alprazolam
2. Diazepam
3. Lorazepam
28
How do antidepressants work?
Prevent the reuptake of the neurotransmitters
29
What are contraindications for people with certain diseases where you don’t want to prescribe antidepressants?
People with CHF, hypertension, cardiovascular disease.
30
How do antipsychotics work?
By blocking the dopamine receptors in the brain
31
What are contraindications for taking antipsychotics?
Hypotension
32
What are examples of antipsychotics
Haloperidol: Haldol (only thing we carry)
33
What do we use CNS Stimulants to treat?
1. Narcolepsy
| 2. ADHD
34
What are the actions of anticonvulsants?
Reduce the excitability of the neurons of the brain
35
What are examples of anticonvulsants?
PAMS
1. Diazepam
2. Lorazepam
3. Midazolam
4. Clonazepam
5. Phenytoin – only mention because Mancia mentioned it multiple times
36
What is the action of anti-emetics/anti-nauseants?
Phenothiazines act to inhibit nausea and vomiting
37
Examples of anti-emetics?
1. Promethazine
| 2. Odansetron
38
Examples of antivertigo?
1. Meclizine
| 2. Diphenhydramine
39
How do local anesthetics work?
Produce a local anesthesia by inhibiting transport of ions across neural membranes, thereby preventing initiation and conduction of normal nerve impulses
40
What are the uses of non-salicylate?
1. Relieve mild to moderate pain
2. Reduce body temperature (antipyretic)
3. Arthritis
41
Examples of non-salicylate?
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
42
What are contraindications for NSAIDS?
1. Peptic ulcer
2. GI Bleed
3. Hypertension
43
How will you educate your Pt regarding the use of NSAIDS?
1. Stop if prolonged bleeding or dark stools
2. Long term use may lead to GI bleed
3. Take with food or milk
44
What is the action of narcotic analgesics?
Opiods bind to opiate receptors CNS, where they act as agonists of endogenously occurring opiod peptides. The result is the alteration to the perception of and response to pain
45
What is a commonly used opiod antagonist?
Naloxone
46
What is the action of bronchodilators beta2 agonists?
Release stimulants and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines
47
Pts you would take caution in prescribing bronchodilators?
Pts with Cardiac arrhythmias and narrow angle glaucoma
48
How do antitussives work?
1. Central acting: Depresses cough center
| 2. Peripheral acting: Anesthetize stretch receptors
49
What is the action of mucolytics?
Loosens and mobilize thick mucus from respiratory systems
50
What is the action of expectorants?
Decreases viscosity of tenacious excretions by increasing respiratory tract fluids
51
What is an example of expectorants?
Guaifenesin
52
What is a class 2 anti arrhythmic?
Beta blockers block stimulation of the beta receptors of the heart
53
What blocks potassium channels in the heart?
Class 3 antiarrythmics (amiodorone)
54
What are uses of antiarrhytmics?
Decrease symptomology by increasing hemodynamic performance!!!!
1. Premature ventricular contractions
2. Tachycardia
3. Premature atrial contractions
4. Ventricular dysrhythmias
5. Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
55
Ace inhibitor medications end in what
“Pril”
56
Beta blocker medications end in what?
“OLOL”
57
Actions of loop diuretics?
Increase excretion of sodium and chloride by inhibiting the reabsorption of these ions in the distal proximal tubules and the loop of henle
58
what is an example of loop diuretics?
Furosemide (Lasix)
59
What is Furosemide (Lasix) used in the treatment of?
1. Edema due to CHF\
2. Cirrhosis of the liver
3. Acute pulmonary edema
60
What is the first line indications in the management of hypertension?
Thiazide diuretics
| Hydrochlorathiazide (HCTZ)
61
What do hyperlipidemias end in?
“Statins”
62
What is the action of antacids
Neutralize or reduce the acidity of the stomach and duodenal contents
63
What are examples of antacid medications?
1. Calcium carbonate (Tums)
2. Aluminum hydroxide gel
3. Calcium carbonate/magnesium hydroxide
64
What is the action of Histamine H2 Agonist?
Inhibit the actions of histamine at histamine H2 receptor cells of the stomach which reduces the secretion of gastric acids
65
Remember
1. Antacids - reduce the acidity of the stomach
2. H2 antagonist- reduces the secretion of gastric acid
3. PPIs – suppress gastric acid secretions
66
What are PPIs used for?
1. Treatment of gastric or duodenal ulcers
2. GERD
3. Ulcers with H. Pylori
67
What is the action of antidiarrheal medications?
Decrease intestinal peristalsis
68
What is an example of antidiarrheal?
Loperamide (Imodium)
69
Long term use of laxatives can result in what?
Laxative habit dependency
70
What are contraindications of laxatives?
Persistent abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting of unknown causes
71
What are some irritants/stimulants?
Bisacodyl (dulcolax)
72
What is used to treat inflamed hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoid agents
73
What are adverse effects of hemorrhoid agents?
Excessive or prolonged use may lead to atrophy of the effected tissue
74
What are some factors that effect insulin dosing?
1. Pt eats too little food may result in hypoglycemia
2. Dose is incorrectly measured and is greater than prescribed
3. Pt drastically increase physical activity may result in hypoglycemia
4. INFECTION may change dose requirement
75
What are oral antidiabetics used for?
Used to treat patients with Type 2 diabetes not controlled with diet and exercise
76
What hormone influences every organ and tissue in the body?
Thyroid
77
What is the action of contraceptives?
Inhibits ovulation
78
Adverse reactions to contraceptives?
If pt has a history of migraines or headaches be mindful of types of estrogen containing contraceptives
1. Breakthrough bleeding
2. Headaches
3. Mental depression
4. Venous thromboembolism
79
Bactericidal drugs do what?
Kill the bacteria
80
Bacterielstatic drugs do what?
Slow or retard the multiplication of bacteria
81
The effectiveness of individual antibiotics depends on these factors?
1. Location of the infection
2. Ability of the antibiotic to reach the site of infection
3. Ability of the bacteria to resist or inactivate the antibiotics
82
What inhibits viral replication?
Antivirals
83
Examples of antivirals?
Vir”
1. Acyclovir
2. Vancyclovir
3. Penicyclovir
4. Osetamivir
84
Antivirals used in what?
1. Herpes Simplex
2. Hiv
3. Influenza A & B
4. Chronic Hepatitis C treatment
85
Examples of antifungals?
1. Clotrimazole
2. Ketoconazole
3. Metronidazole is NOT an antifungal
86
What are muscle relaxers used for?
Various acute painful MSK conditions, such as back pain, neck pain, muscle spasms
87
What happens if corticosteroids are stopped abruptly
A potentially life-threatening adrenal insufficiency can occur
88
What is the action of antimigraine meds?
Acts on intracranial blood vessels and sensory nerves causing vasoconstriction and reduces neurogenic inflammation
89
Antimigraine uses?
1. Treatment of migraines
| 2. Cluster headaches
90
What medications used to treat migraines?
Triptans; sumatriptan (imitrex)
91
What medication causes paralysis and death of a pest?
Scabicides
92
What is an example of scabicide?
Permethrin (elimite or nix)
93
What temporarily inhibits the induction impulses of the sensory nerve fibers?
Local anesthetics
94
Examples of smoking sensation medications?
NOT ORAL PILLS
1. Transdermal patch
2. Gum
3. Inhaler
4. Nasal spray
5. Lozenge
95
Who is responsible for controlled substances onboard ship
Commanding Officer
96
Who maintains custody of controlled substances onboard ship (CUSTODIAN)?
SMDR
97
How long are records maintained for?
3 Years
98
Who is allowed to be the bulk stock custodian?
Commissioned officer or anyone that is not the SUPPO or involved in the procurement of medications
99
How many safes are required?
Two with the exception of DDG 1000, LCS, MCM, PCs which only get (One)
100
How often are the safe combinations changed
1. Immediately upon turnover
2. Suspicion of compromise
3. Every six months
101
How many people are needed for a CSIB?
Minimum of three but smaller platforms with crew less than 100 only need 2 (One officer, one chief)
102
Only form used to prescribe controlled meds?
DD 1289
103
Who is required to countersign prescriptions
Commanding Officer
104
How often are inventories conducted?
1. Quarterly (every 90 days)
2. Within one month of a transaction
3. At the time of relief of the CO or MDR
4. At the request of the CO
105
What form is used to document theft of controlled substances?
DEA 106
106
Lost of controlled substances?
DD 200
107
How many people present when destroying meds?
Minimum of the 3 CSIB members to include the Senior CSIB member
108
What supplement overuse is associated with stroke?
Creatine
109
What is protein used for?
Muscle repair/rebuilding and meal replacement
110
What does nitric oxide enhance?
Oxygen and nutrient delivery to muscles
111
Action of general anesthesia (Ketamine)
a non-competitive antagonist causing neuro-inhibition and anesthesia, where the patient is DISSOCIATED from their surroundings.
112
Action of Salicylates
Inhibition of prostaglandins, dilates peripheral blood vessels (cool body), prolong bleeding by inhibiting aggregation of platelets
113
Salicylates uses
```
Relief of mild to moderate pain
Reduction of body temperature
Inflammatory conditions
Decrease risk of myocardial infarction
Prevention of treatment of blood clots
```
114
what are H1 histamines used to treat
Allergic reactions
Can also treat Insomnia, motion sickness and vertigo
115
Action of H1 Antihistamines
```
They suppress the histamine-induced
wheal response (swelling) and flare response (vasodilation).
```
116
Examples of antihistamines
Diphenhydramine
promethazine
Hydroxyzine
117
Bronchodilators are what class of drug
Beta 2 Agonists
118
What are Beta 2 agonists used for?
Reversible airway obstruction
119
what is angina pectoris
Decrease in oxygen supply to the heart muscle resulting in chest pain or pressure.
120
What is normal blood pressure ?
Systolic <120mm Hg and diastolic <80 mmHg.
121
what is step 1 in the management of hypertension?
Life Style Changes
| 1) Salt restriction Weight reduction Exercise Stress reduction Sleep.
122
what is step 2 in the management of hypertension?
Use of Thiazide Diuretic, ACE-I, ARB, or CCB (use one).
123
what are beta blockers used for ?
Management of hypertension and Angina Pectoris
124
Contraindication for beta blockers?
(a) Sinus bradycardia
(b) Heart Block
(c) Hypotension
(d) Bronchial asthma
125
adverse effects of beta blockers
(a) Orthostatic hypotension
(b) Bradycardia
(c) Bronchospasm
126
what is the use of sulfonylureas?
lower blood glucose by stimulating beta cells of pancreas to
| make more insulin.
127
example of thyroid hormone
levothyroxine
128
examples of macrolides
(a) Azithromycin
(b) Erythromycin
(c) Clarithromycin
(d) Teithromycin
129
examples of Fluoroquinolones
(a) Ciprofloxacin: Cipro
| (b) Levofloxacin:
130
example of aminoglycosides
(a) Gentamicin
| (b) Neomycin
131
action of lincosamide
Disrupts protein synthesis and causes changes in the cell wall surface,
132
examples of lincosamides
a) Clindamycin
| b) Lincomycin
133
what are corticosteroids used for?
Anti inflammatory and autoimmune disorders
(a) Rheumatic disorders
(b) Arthritis
(c) Bursitis
(d) Allergic reactions
(e) Contact dermatitis
(f) COPD and Asthma Exacerbations
(g) SLE and other autoimmune disorders
134
Contraindications for Antimigraine
(a) Peripheral vascular disease
(b) Uncontrolled hypertension
(c) Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Specific to Imitrex) or arrhythmias
associated with other cardiac accessory conduction pathway disorders.
(d) Coronary vasospasm
(e) Ischemic heart disease
135
examples of keratolytics
(a) Podofilox 0.5% topical solution and gel: Condylox
| (b) Salicylic acid gel 17%: Compound-W
136
difference between otic and optic medications?
Otic - is for ears
optic - is for eyes
What a dumb question
137
uses of opthalimic meds
used for the treatment of ophthalmic disorders such as bacterial or viral infections of the eye, inflammatory conditions and symptoms of allergy related to the eye.
138
Risks of thermogenics
kidney dysfunction, arrhythmias and stroke, Highest risk is dehydration.
