The upper gastrointestinal series, also called a barium meal, is a barium examination of the alimentary tract from the pharynx to the _______.
Ligament of Treitz
It is as study more dedicated to evaluation of swallowing disorders and suspected lesions of the pharynx and esophagus.
Barium swallow or esophagogram
Distension of the pharynx is provided by having the patient _______.
Phonate
The pharynx extends from the nasal cavity to the larynx and is arbitrarily divided into three compartments. What are these compartments?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Hypopharynx
These compartment extends from the skull base to the soft palate.
Nasopharynx
The oropharynx is posterior to the oral cavity and extends from the soft palate to the ______.
Hyoid bone
The hypopharynx (laryngopharynx) extends from the hyoid bone to the _______.
Cricopharyngeus muscle
What forms the anterior boundary of the oropharynx?
Base of the tongue
These structures separates the larynx from the oropharynx and the hypopharynx.
Epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds
These are two symmetrical pouches formed in the recess between the base of the tongue and he epiglottis.
The valleculae
The valleculae are divided by what structure medially?
They are divided medially by the median glossoepiglottic fold and bounded laterally by the lateral glossoepiglotic folds
These are deep, symmetrical, lateral recesses formed by the protrusion of the larynx into the hypopharynx.
Pisiform sinuses
The esophagus extends from the _________ to the gastroesophageal junction.
Cricopharyngeus muscle at the level of C5-6
The esophagus is a muscular tubed formed by what muscle layers?
Formed by an outer longitudinal muscle layer and an inner circular muscle layer lined by stratefied squamous epithelium
What layer does the esophagus lack?
Serosal layer
Which allows the rapid spread of tumor into adjacent tissues
The proximal one-third of the esophagus is predominantly ______ muscle, where as the distal two-thirds, below the aortic arch, is predominantly ______ muscle.
Proximal one-third = striated muscle
Distal two-third = smooth muscle
What are the normal extrinsic impressions on the esophagus?
Aortic arch, left main stem bronchus, and the left atrium
Distension of the upper esophagus more than ______ mm or the lower esophagus more than ______ mm is abnormal.
Upper esophagus = 10 mm
Lower esophagus = 20 mm
The wall of the distended esophagus should not exceed how many mm in thickness?
3 mm
The length of the esophagus is tubular, and its termination is saccular.
The saccular termination is called?
Esophageal vestibule
The tubulovestibular junction is formed by a symmetrical muscular ring called?
A ring
What is the B ring?
The B ring is an asymmetrical mucosal ring or notch that occurs at the junction of esophageal squamous epithelium with gastric columnar epithelium
The squamocolumnar junction is marked by a thin ragged line of demarcation seen on double-contrast views of the lower esophagus. The line is called what?
Z line
These are considered to be radiographic markers of the GEJ.
The B ring and Z line
