pharynx and larynx

Question 1

cervical levels of pharynx?

Answer 1

base of skull –> C6

Question 2

from the oropharynx, food passes into what?

Answer 2

laryngopharynx to the esophagus

Question 3

What is the torus tuberous?

Answer 3

opening of the pharyngotympanic tube (auditory) in the nasopharynx

Question 4

What opens the pharyngotympanic tube?

Answer 4

salpingopharyngeus and levator levi palatini

Question 5

regions of laryngopharynx?

Answer 5

superior border of epiglottis–> inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6).

Question 6

laryngopharynx communicates with larynx via what?

Answer 6

laryngeal inlet

Question 7

circular muscles of pharynx?

Answer 7

superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

Question 8

longitudinal muscles of pharynx?

Answer 8

stylopharyngess, palatopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus

Question 9

innervation of superior pharyngeal constrictor?

Answer 9

CN 10 via pharyngeal plexus

Question 10

attachments of SPC

Answer 10

pharyngeal tubercle and pharyngeal raphe (posterior)

->pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandiular raphe and mandible

Question 11

attachments of MPC

Answer 11

pharyngeal raphe (posterior) 
 ->stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone

Question 12

innervation of MPC?

Answer 12

cranial nerve 10, pharyngeal via plexus

Question 13

IPC attachment?

Answer 13

pharyngeal raphe (posterior) 
 ->thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

Question 14

IPC innervation

Answer 14

CN-X via pharyngeal plexus, recurrent laryngeal nerve and external laryngeal nerve (aka: external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve)

Question 15

action of SPC, MPC, IPC

Answer 15

constricts wall of pharynx during swallowing

Question 16

What innervates the stylopharyngeus?

Answer 16

9

Question 17

what innervates palatopharyngeus?

Answer 17

10

Question 18

what innervates salpingopharyngeus

Answer 18

10

Question 19

attachments of stylophayrngesus muscle

Answer 19

styloid process–>muscular wall of pharynx and thyroid cartilage

Question 20

attachments of palatopharyngeus

Answer 20

posterior hard palate and palatine aponeurosis–> muscular wall of pharynx and thyroid cartilage

Question 21

attachments of salpingopharyngeus

Answer 21

cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube–> muscular wall of pharynx

Question 22

external fascial lining of pharyngeal muscles called what?

Answer 22

buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 23

internal fascial lining of pharyngeal muscles?

Answer 23

pharyngobasilar fascia.

Question 24

action of stylopharyngess, palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus ?

Answer 24

elevate and widen the pharynx during swallowing

Question 25

how many cartilages does the larynx contain?

Answer 25

9

Question 26

cervical region of larynx when relaxed?

Answer 26

c3-c6

Question 27

name the three unpaired cartilages of larynx

Answer 27

thyroid, epiglottis, cricoid

Question 28

three paired cartilages of larynx

Answer 28

arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

Question 29

thyroid cartilage lies opposite of which vertebra?

Answer 29

C4-C5

Question 30

superior epiglottic cartilage located near which vertebra?

Answer 30

C3

Question 31

inferior end of epiglottis is attached to the thyroid cartilage via what?

Answer 31

thryoepiglottic ligament

Question 32

The depression between the base of the tongue and epiglottis is named the ___________

Answer 32

vallecula

Question 33

cricoid cartilage located near which vertebra?

Answer 33

C6

Question 34

cricoid cartilage has articular surfaces for what two things?

Answer 34

inferior horn of thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

Question 35

the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage used for attachment of what two things?

Answer 35

vocals muscle and vocal ligament

Question 36

where is the cuneiform located and what does it provide?

Answer 36

in the aryepiglottic fold, stability to the fold

Question 37

What are the extrinsic membranes and ligaments of the larynx?

Answer 37

thyrohyoid membrane, and cricotracheal ligament

Question 38

What are the intrinsic membranes and ligaments of the larynx?

Answer 38

cricothyroid membrane, quadrangular membrane, vestibular ligament, and vocal ligaments

Question 39

free margins of the cricothyroid membrane forms what

Answer 39

vocal ligament

Question 40

where is the quadrangular membrane?

Answer 40

from epiglottis --> arytenoid cartilage

Question 41

free superior region go the quadrangular membrane forms what?

Answer 41

aryepliglottic ligament

Question 42

free inferior margin of the quadrangular membrane forms what?

Answer 42

vestibular ligament

Question 43

vestibular ligament forms what?

Answer 43

the vestibular folds or false vocal cords

Question 44

opening between vestibular folds is called what?

Answer 44

rima vestibulli

Question 45

vocal ligaments form what?

Answer 45

true vocal folds

Question 46

opening between vocal folds called what?

Answer 46

rima glottidis

Question 47

If an object is lost, and is not found in these three areas, it should be assumed it has been swallowed.

Answer 47

supratonsillar recess, epiglottic vallecula, and piriform recess

Question 48

regions of the laryngeal vestibule?

Answer 48

between laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds

Question 49

regions of middle laryngeal cavity

Answer 49

from vestibular folds to vocal folds

Question 50

regions of infraglottic cavity?

Answer 50

between focal folds and carotid caritlage

Question 51

What is the laryngeal ventricle?

Answer 51

extends laterally from the middle laryngeal cavity

Question 52

what is the laryngeal saccule?

Answer 52

extension of the ventricle; with numerous mucous glands which assist in lubricating the vocal folds

Question 53

cricothyroid muscle does what to the vocal ligaments?

Answer 53

lengthens

Question 54

circothyroid muscle innervated by what?

Answer 54

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 55

What is the only muscle to open the rima glottidis?

Answer 55

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 56

action of cricoarytenoid muscle?

Answer 56

abducts the vocal folds/opens rims glottidis.

Question 57

cricoarytenoid muscle innervated by what ?

Answer 57

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 58

Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle action?

Answer 58

close rima glottidis

Question 59

Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle innervated by what?

Answer 59

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 60

Arytenoid (transverse and oblique action?

Answer 60

adducts arytenoid cartilages, closing the posterior rima glottidis

Question 61

Arytenoid (transverse and oblique innervation?

Answer 61

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 62

Vocals Muscles innervation?

Answer 62

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 63

Vocals Muscles action?

Answer 63

produces minute adjustments of the vocal ligaments; contraction produces localized relaxation/tension of the vocal ligament

Question 64

Thyroarytenoid Muscles innervation?

Answer 64

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 65

Thyroarytenoid Muscles action?

Answer 65

The thyroarytenoids draw the arytenoid cartilages towards the thyroid cartilage, thereby shortening and relaxing the vocal ligaments.

Question 66

longer vocal ligaments =

Answer 66

lower voice

Question 67

shorter vocal ligaments=

Answer 67

higher voice

Question 68

What causes high pitch?

Answer 68

increase tension in vocal ligaments, increase vibration

Question 69

What causes low pitch?

Answer 69

decrease in tension, decrease vibration.

Question 70

Is the epiglottis required for safe swallowing?

Answer 70

no

Question 71

is the closure of rima glottides required to protect the airway?

Answer 71

yes