Phase 2 - RNU Flashcards
(49 cards)
What are the parts of the female reproductive tract?
Paired gonads (ovaries), duct system (paired uterine tubes, single midline uterus, single midline vagina). Located in pelvis; vagina extends through pelvic floor
What is produced by ovaries?
Gametes, hormones (oestrogen and progesterone), and has an endocrine and exocrine function
Where do the ovaries sit?
Have a variable position, especially after childbirth. Near lateral wall of pelvic cavity, position stabilised by ligaments (shrink after menopause, surface scarred and pitted)
Describe the blood supply of the ovaries
Supplied by the ovarian artery, which arises from aorta at level of renal artery
Describe the venous drainage of the ovaries
Via ovarian drain, drains to inferior vena cava on right, and left renal vein on left
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries
Drain to aortic nodes at level of renal vessels (clinically significant, due to quick cancer spreading)
Where is the broad ligament?
Peritoneal sheet draped over uterus and uterine tubes, ovaries attached to the posterior layer by short mesentery (mesovarium)
Where is the ovarian ligament?
Fibrous cord, links ovary to uterus
What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
Attaches lateral wall of pelvis to ovary, carries ovarian artery and vein
Name the peritoneal reflections of the female reproductive system
Rectouterine and uterovesical
What is the clinical significance of the pelvic pouches?
Infection can become entrenched in pelvic pouches, and endometriosis, where the lining of the endometrium grows outside the uterus (can grow in the pouches)
What are the parts of the uterine tubes?
Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and uterine part
Describe the uterine tubes
Found in the free margin of the broad ligament, about 13 cm long. Not directly connected to ovary
Describe the infundibulum
Funnel shaped opening to peritoneal cavity, fringed by finger-like fimbriae
Describe the uterus
Lies in midlines, pear-shaped, variable size, flattened from front to back
What are the parts of the uterus?
Body, cervix (cervical canal, internal and external os), fundus, isthmus (narrowing between body and cervix)
What is meant by the term anteflexion?
Body of the uterus is bent forwards on the cervix
What is meant by the term anteversion?
Whole uterus is bent forward at a right angle to the vagina
Describe the blood and lymphatic supply of the uterus
Uterine artery, branch of internal iliac artery. Uterine vein drains to internal iliac vein. Lymphatic drainage of the body and cervix differ (body to para-aortic nodes, cervix to internal iliac nodes)
In the female reproductive tract, is there a direct continuity of gonad and duct system?
No
What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive tract
One prostate gland, two seminal vesicles and two bulbourethral glands
Where are the bulbourtheral glands?
Inferior to the prostate gland
Why do the testes hang outside the body?
Internal body temperature would damage sperm
What is the wall of the scrotum composed of?
Skin, dartos muscle (wrinkles the skin of the scrotum), external spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, internal spermatic fascia (layers are fused and hard to distinguish)
