Phase I Nutrition - Small Animal

Question 1

animal specific factors

Answer 1

signalment, medical history, physical exam

Question 1

diet specific factors

Answer 1

appropriateness of the diet, storage of the diet, changes to diet

Question 2

feeding management and environmental factors

Answer 2

how much/frequent/location/method of feeding, competition, access, household, environmental changes

Question 3

in what cases are extended evaluations optional

Answer 3

patient older than 7, pregnant, lactating, growing (puppy), multiple animals in the house, low or high activity level

Question 4

where do you assess when body condition scoring

Answer 4

ribs, vertebrae, fat mass, abdomen, tail base, shoulders, hips

Question 5

normal bcs for dogs is _____ and cats is _____

Answer 5

4-5/9; 5/9

Question 6

5/9 indicates what % body fat

Answer 6

20

Question 7

where do you assess when muscle condition scoring

Answer 7

temporal muscle, lumbar vertebrae, pelvis, scapula

Question 8

what is the energy density of fat, protein and carbs

Answer 8

fat = 9 kcal/g; protein and carbs = 4 kcal/g

Question 9

RER equation

Answer 9

BW^0.75x70

Question 10

BCS 3/9 is how underweight

Answer 10

20%

Question 11

BCS 2/9 is how underweight

Answer 11

30%

Question 12

BCS 1/9 is how underweight

Answer 12

40%

Question 13

when is measuring by weight important

Answer 13

wt loss, cats and small dogs

Question 14

what does the CFIA NOT do

Answer 14

does not regulate food manufactured and sold WITHIN Canada

Question 15

edible vs inedible

Answer 15

edible = fit for human consumption; inedible is not, but may be used in animal feed if non-specified risk material (specified risk material is condemned)

Question 16

non-specified risk material can be used for

Answer 16

pharmaceutical or animal feed

Question 17

what does Health Canada prohibit

Answer 17

unsubstantiated claims related to labelling and advertising of pet food

Question 18

what does the competition bureau/industry Canada do

Answer 18

prevents misleading representations and deceptive marketing practices; legislation for pet food labelling

Question 19

what are the three basic mandatory statements on pet food as determined by industry Canada and the competition bureau

Answer 19

product identity, product net quality, dealers name and place of business

Question 20

the pet food association of Canada is

Answer 20

voluntary; guide for labelling and advertising pet food

Question 21

what is essential rendering

Answer 21

stuff that isn’t consumed by humans and would otherwise go to landfill

Question 22

how much of the live weight of cattle is rendered
44%
49%
57%
37%

Answer 22

49%

Question 23

how much of the live weight of pigs is rendered

Answer 23

44%

Question 24

how much of the live weight of chickens is rendered

Answer 24

37%

Question 25

how much of the live weight of fish is rendered

Answer 25

57%

Question 26

what are limitations of the guide for labelling and advertising pet foods

Answer 26

decades old, not a law, does not apply to treats

Question 27

what does not fall under AAFCO

Answer 27

supplements and treats

Question 28

what is the role of AAFCO feed control officials

Answer 28

monitor and regulate pet foods; ensure laws and rules are being followed

Question 29

T/F AAFCO is the gold standard

Answer 29

False; it is a baseline - the best we have

Question 30

what are the most common commercial pet foods

Answer 30

dry and wet

Question 31

what is the difference between dry and wet commercial foods

Answer 31

dry: processed by extrusion wet: processed by retorting into cans, pouches and trays

Question 32

both dry and wet pet foods are processed with (3)

Answer 32

moisture, heat and pressure

Question 33

what does AAFCO tell us

Answer 33

if it is complete and balanced, how this was determined, what life stage

Question 34

T/F AAFCO has a definition for senior, nutrient profile for seniors and regulates the use of the term

Answer 34

F

Question 35

what is a key consideration when evaluating organic pet foods

Answer 35

it refers to the procedure by which the ingredients are grown, harvested and processed but not to the actual quality of the product (i.e. tells you nothing about whether it is complete and balanced)

Question 36

what terms have no legal definition in animal feed regulations

Answer 36

human grade and holistic

Question 37

T/F If there are no nutritional risk factors but you are wary of the brand being fed, you should change the diet

Answer 37

F

Question 38

What is the carb to protein ratio in dogs

Answer 38

2:1 to 3:1 (25-30% meat source)

Question 39

What is the carb to protein ratio in cats

Answer 39

1:1 to 2:1 (35-50% meat source)

Question 40

For a 4.5 kg dog and cat, how much calcium is required per day

Answer 40

dog: 2g; cat: 0.5g

Question 41

T/F a vegetarian diet alone can meet AAFCO recommendations

Answer 41

F; dogs and cats simply cannot eat enough to meet the requirements

Question 42

onions cause

Answer 42

heinz body anemia

Question 43

chocolate causes

Answer 43

cardiovascular/neuro signs

Question 44

grapes cause

Answer 44

acute renal failure

Question 45

xylitol causes

Answer 45

acute liver failure and seizures

Question 46

raw liver risks

Answer 46

vitamin A toxicity

Question 47

raw egg risk

Answer 47

contain avidine -> biotine deficiency

Question 48

raw fish risk

Answer 48

contains thiaminase -> thiamine deficiency

Question 49

what is the main concern with vegan and vegetarian diets

Answer 49

incomplete nutrition