Phases

Question 1

which bonds are broken in a physical (ex. phase) change?

Answer 1

intermolecular forces between molecules or atoms, no intramolecular bonds are made or broken

Question 2

the higher the average kinetic energy of the molecule of a substance…

Answer 2

the greater its entropy

Question 3

phase changes are the result of:

Answer 3

breaking (or forming) intermolecular interactions

Question 4

which phase is the most ordered and least energetic of the phases?

Answer 4

solid

Question 5

heat of transition

Answer 5

the energy required to complete a transition

Question 6

heat of fusion

Answer 6

the amount of heat that must be absorbed to change a solid into a liquid

Question 7

heat of vaporization

Answer 7

the energy absorbed when a liquid changes to a gas

Question 8

deposition

Answer 8

gas to solid

Question 9

sublimation

Answer 9

solid to gas

Question 10

crystallization

Answer 10

liquid to solid

Question 11

condensation

Answer 11

gas to liquid

Question 12

fusion

Answer 12

solid to liquid

Question 13

vaporization

Answer 13

liquid to gas

Question 14

what is the magnitude of the heat of transition for each phase change directly related to?

Answer 14

the strength and number of the intermolecular forces that substances experiences

Question 15

what does the amount of heat required to cause a change of phase depend on?

Answer 15

the type of substance and the amount of substance

Question 16

what is the result of matter absorbing or releasing energy in between phase changes?

Answer 16

increase or decrease in the temperature of the substance, NO PHASE CHANGE

Question 17

what is the result of matter absorbing or releasing energy while undergoing a phase change?

Answer 17

phase change but no change in temperature

Question 18

heat capacity C

Answer 18

the constant of proportionality that describes the amount of heat absorbed or released by a sample in relation to its change in temperature

Question 19

specific heat, c

Answer 19

C=mc, an intrinsic property of the substance that tells us how resistant the substance is to changing temperature

Question 20

calorie

Answer 20

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degrees Celsius

Question 21

temperature change is proportional to ______ and inversely proportional to _______

Answer 21

proportional to the heat absorbed, inversely proportional to the substance’s heat capacity

Question 22

what does the specific heat of a substance also depend on?

Answer 22

the phase of the substance

Question 23

what is the SI unit for energy?

Answer 23

joule

Question 24

phase transition diagram/heating curve

Answer 24

plots the temperature of the sample vs. the amount of heat absorbed

Question 25

aside from temperature, what else does the phase of the substance depend on?

Answer 25

pressure

Question 26

phase diagram

Answer 26

figure that shows how phases are determined by temperature and pressure

Question 27

what do the boundary lines between phases in a phase diagram represent?

Answer 27

the points at which the two phases are in equilibrium (i.e. phase change)

Question 28

when are solid phases favoured?

Answer 28

low temperatures and high pressure

Question 29

when are gas phases favoured?

Answer 29

high temperatures and low pressure

Question 30

normal melting point

Answer 30

the temperature at the point where the 1atm pressure line in a phase diagram crosses the solid-liquid boundary

Question 31

normal boiling point

Answer 31

the temperature at the point where the 1atm pressure line in a phase diagram crosses the liquid-gas boundary

Question 32

triple point

Answer 32

the temperature and pressure at which all three phases exist simultaneously in equilibrium, and therefore all phase changes are happening simultaneously

Question 33

critical point

Answer 33

marks the end of the liquid-gas boundary. beyond this point, substance displays properties of both liquid (high density) and gas (low viscosity), it thus becomes a supercritical fluid

Question 34

supercritical fluid

Answer 34

where the liquid and gas phases are no longer distinct

Question 35

what is exceptional about water and it's phase diagram?

Answer 35

water is denser in the liquid phase than in the solid phase, the solid-liquid boundary line has a slightly negative slope compared to most other substances