Philo Flashcards
-Bapu
-Leader of India Independence movement in British-ruled India
-employed nonviolence and civil disobedience that freed India,
inspiring movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
- non-European poet, novelist, dramatist, and non-fictional writer. won
the Noble Prize in Literature (1913). - ‘Freedom’ in the late 19th century describing what kind of freedom he
desired for India. - regarded as the outstanding creative artist of the modern Indian
subcontinent. - His poetry was viewed as spiritual and mercurial. poems and
writings were generally aimed at spiritual, social, and philosophical
issues - highly influential in introducing the best of Indian culture to the west.
Social reformer who promoted art, literature, and culture.
Rabindranath Tagore
a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy, who made important
contributions to logic, criticism, rhetoric, physics, biology, psychology,
mathematics, metaphysics, ethics, and politics.
Aristotle (384 B.C.E. —322 B.C.E.)
- “Power of choosing”
- humanity’s capacity to make choices, free will, is an instrument of
free choice.
THE POWER OF VOLITION
the power to act beyond simple, automatic responses. We
can act voluntarily because we can choose to act otherwise than
immediate, external circumstances dictate.
Volition
the power of knowing what is to be done. The task is to guide “WILL”.
WILL, is to be understood the terms intellect.
“If there was no INTELLECT, there would be no WILL.”
Practical Intellect
-our power, and we are responsible for them.
-are specific actions done at a particular time in a
particular situation with people.
Moral Acts
- Italian philosopher and theologian
Angelic Doctor.
Love Is Freedom
Thomas Aquinas (1225 - 1274; of Aquino, Italy)
A human being has a supernatural, transcendental destiny. This mean
that he can rise above his ordinary being of self.
-The power of change, however, cannot be done by human being alone,
but it is achieved through cooperation with God.
Love Is Freedom
-established the existence of GOD as a first cause.
-Of all God’s creations, human beings have the unique power to
change themselves and things around them for the better. As humans,
we are both material and spiritual. We have a conscience because of
our spirituality. God is love and love is our destiny .
Spiritual Freedom
GOD’s perfect plan, not fully knowable to humans. It determined the
way things such as animals and planets behaved and how people
should behave.
Eternal Law
-applies only to human being.
-foundation for moral law. The law that governs natural phenomena in
nature like the weather, elements and gravity.
Natural Law
-law that is directed to the common good
-Instruments in the promotion of virtue , which is necessary for the
common good
Human Law
-divided into:
Old Law (Ten Commandments) and the New Law (the teachings of
Jesus) -roughly corresponding to the Old and New Testaments
Divine Law
(born June 21, 1905, Paris— died April 15, 1980, Paris),
-French philosopher, novelist, and playwright
-best known as the leading exponent of existentialism in the 20th
century.
“Human being is free, human being is freedom. ”
Individual Freedom
Jean Paul Sartre
human beings are radically free. We are not bound by any external
factors, such as God or nature, that determine our actions or choices.
Instead, we are solely responsible for creating our own meaning and
purpose in life.
Individual Freedom
(born April 5, 1588, Westport, Wiltshire, England—died December 4,
1679, Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire)
-English philosopher, scientist, and historian, best known for his
political philosophy, especially as articulated in his masterpiece
Leviathan (1651)
THEORY OF SOCIAL CONTRACT
Thomas Hobbes
-social and political contract that created civil society and political
authority. The contract created the State and government
simultaneously
-Individuals agreed to a set of rules and in turn, they were guaranteed
basic equality.
THEORY OF SOCIAL CONTRACT
(born June 28, 1712, Geneva, Switzerland—died July 2, 1778,
Ermenonville, France)
-Swiss-born philosopher, writer, and political theorist whose
treatises and novels inspired the leaders of the French Revolution and
the Romantic generation. One of the most famous and influential
philosophers of the French Enlightenment in the 18th century.
-In his book The Social Contract , he elaborated his theory of human
nature.
-A new era of sentimental piety found its beginning
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
believed that human beings must form a community or civil community to protect themselves from one another, because the nature of human beings is to wage war against one another.
Since by nature, humanity tends towards self preservation , then it follows that they must come to a free mutual agreement to protect themselves.
Both Rousseau and Hobbes
should not be wasted but taken as a wonderful gift that
must be nurtured and protected, not impinging the rights or freedom
of others.
It is not enough that the human person is free but that one is
responsible for the consequences of one’s choice.
Freedom
The process and product of sharing experiences, knowledge,
understandings and expectations with others. The existence, nature
and meaning of things.
INTERSUBJECTIVITY as Ontology: The Social Dimensions of
the Self
-Jewish existentialist philosopher.
-Born in Vienna and was brought up in Jewish tradition.
-“I and Thou (Ich and Du)”. 1923, he conceived the human person in his wholeness, totality, concrete existence and relatedness to the world. All about human person. The human person experiences one’s wholeness not in the virtue of his relation to one’s self, but in virtue of one’s relation with other.
-human being does not exist in isolation and separation from the situations and people around him. Instead, everyone are deeply and extensively connected with each other
-For a person to truly understand himself and the world. he must reach out to others and understand them.
MARTIN BURBER
-born in Wadowice’ Poland.
-Elected to the papacy on October 16. 1978 (264” pope) and was considered a great pope during his lifetime.
-An architect of communism’s demise in Poland.
-encyclical letter. “Fides Et Ratio”, written to support and defend traditional Christian philosophy. He believed that faith and reason together allow people to know and love God.
-We participate in the communal life. Our notion of the “neighbor” and
“fellow member” is by participating in the humanness of the other person.
“Action reveals the nature of the human agent. It means who we are-our identity, our character, our personality-is shown through our behavior, actions, and choices. We are what we do”.
POPE JOHN PAUL Il or KAROL WOTYLA
