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Philosophy Of Education > Philosophers > Flashcards

Philosophers Flashcards

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1
Q

Aquinas

A

Integrated Aristotle into Christianity. Believed we have innate knowledge.

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2
Q

Aquinas book

A

Summa Theologica

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3
Q

Aquinas assumption on education

A

Assumes a unified culture you want to educate to not diversity

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4
Q

Augustine

A

Plato Forms are heaven apart from the realm we can sense, set out doctrines of strict Christianity but also reason and enquiry - married the two.

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5
Q

Aristotle

A

Rejects Plato forms. Understand by studying examples. Virtue and eudaimonia.
Syllogism

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6
Q

Confucius

A

Moral life, harmony, family and community

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7
Q

Descartes

A

I think therefore I am

Mind-body dualism

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8
Q

Dewey

A

Progressive and pragmatist. Rejected classical education and called for active discovery in the classroom

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9
Q

Foucault

A

Knowledge and power
Social control
Knowledge is historically contingent

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10
Q

Friere

A

Critical theory
Praxis as the synthesis of action and reflection.
Revolutionary with the people, not charity or doing for them.

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11
Q

Hegel

A

Dialectic arc of history, rational logic

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12
Q

Malmonides

A

Medieval Jewish. Education teaches to value intellectual contemplation, builds on but higher than moral or practical perfection

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13
Q

Wittgenstein

A

Language. Naming things, language is all about contact and social use.

Family resemblance, eg ‘game’

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14
Q

John Rawls

A

US late 20th century. Original position and Veil of Ignorance - if you had to design a state without knowing your position in it.

Social contract theory revived (it fell into disrepute after Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant.

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15
Q

Hobbes

A

Social contract theory.

Without society we would all murder etc so we enter into a contract to give up freedoms for safety of a secure society

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16
Q

Locke on identity

A

Psychological continuity, personal identity is what you can remember.

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17
Q

Lock’s education book

A

Some Thoughts Concerning Education
Moral education of gentlemen, blank slate, aim is virtuous character.
Poor children to be punished and made to work

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18
Q

David Hume

A

Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Looking at evidence for our beliefs.

Rejected the Design Argument (God made everything as it should be). No metaphysics, knowledge from experience

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19
Q

Problem of Induction - who and what?

A

Hume.

We assume things based on experience - it was like this so it will be again. But what about all the other possibilities?

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20
Q

“Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains”

Who?

A

Rousseau, The Social Contract

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21
Q

Rousseau

A

People are basically good.

The Social Contract - exchange natural Freedom for civic freedom

Emile - protect and develop child’s natural goodness.

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22
Q

Kant

A

Critique of Pure Reason

  1. Metaphysics and limits of knowledge. We only see and experience the phenomenal world not the noumenal
  2. Categorical imperatives
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23
Q

Panopticon. Who?

A

Jeremy Bentham

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24
Q

Bentham

A

Utilitarianism

The right thing is what brings most happiness for all. All sources of pleasure are equally valid.

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25
Who wrote Phenomenology of Spirit?
Hegel
26
Hegel
Grand metaphysical, teleological | arc of history.
27
Who said: better to be a dissatisfied Socrates than a satisfied fool.?
John Stuart Mill. Utilitarian like Bentham but there are higher and lower pleasures.
28
Who wrote The Subjection of Women in 1869?
J S Mill Feminist
29
Who started pragmatism?
C S Pierce
30
Henry James ' philosopher brother and his belief?
William James Pragmatism
31
Hobbes book
Leviathan
32
Harvey Siegel
Modern Critical thinking 1988. Educating Reason: Rationality, Critical Thinking and Education
33
Lyotard
No grand narrative, micro narratives. Wrote about HE.
34
Who wrote The Postmodern Condition
Lyotard
35
Kant - 3 areas he looked at
knowledge, aesthetics and morality
36
Habermas
20th Century, critical theory, Frankfurt school
37
Pierce - what type of philosophy?
Pragmatism
38
John Stuart Mill - what type of philosphy?
Utilitarianism
39
Who did Schopenhauer influence?
Nietzsche
40
The Fable of the Bees - who?
Mandeville, Bernard 1670- 1733
41
Who talked about Dasein
Martin Heidegger Heidegger uses the expression Dasein to refer to the experience of being that is peculiar to human beings. Thus it is a form of being that is aware of and must confront such issues as personhood, mortality and the dilemma or paradox of living in relationship with other humans while being ultimately alone with oneself. Some have argued for an origin of Dasein in Chinese philosophy and Japanese philosophy: according to Tomonobu Imamichi, Heidegger's concept of Dasein was inspired—although Heidegger remained silent on this—by Okakura Kakuzo's concept of das-in-der-Welt-sein (being-in-the-worldness, worldliness) expressed in The Book of Tea to describe Zhuangzi's Taoist philosophy, which Imamichi's teacher had offered to Heidegger in 1919, after having followed lessons with him the year before.[16] Parallel concepts are also found in Indian philosophy[17][18] and in Native American lore.[19]
42
US philosopher who influenced Gove reforms - body of knowledge, shared culture.
E.D. Hirsch
43
Discourse theory - who?
Foucault
44
Deschooling - who?
Goodman, Illich, Reimer
45
Kant on morals
Moral acts justified on pure reason not based on feelings like benevolence
46
Hume on morals
Morality based on feelings, caring. Moral motivation is rooted in feeling not reason. Kant said only reason.
47
Who developed account of stages of cognitive development, children are not mini adults.
Jean Piaget
48
Who developed the concept of genealogy?
Foucault Documenting its changing meaning (etymology) but also the social basis of its changing meaning. Questions the commonly understood emergence of various philosophical and social beliefs by attempting to account for the scope, breadth or totality of discourse. Based on Nietzsche.
49
Hegel vs Kant on individual rational agent
Kant - categorical imperative, sovereign rational agent acting on own conception of right Hegel - located us in community and arc of history, teleological/consequentialist ethics.
50
Transcendental idealism - who?
Kant Ideal as in idea. The thing in itself vs our observation of it.
51
Kant's book
Critique of Pure Reason
52
Pestalozzi
1800 ish. Rousseau Progressivism Object lessons - children investigate an actual object Showed poor children can learn the same if treated the same.
53
Froebel
Kindergarten Nurture children's natural goodness, use senses, handle things.
54
Herbart
1800s. Moral and intellectual development through great literature. Strict pedagogy building on each step. Building on Rousseau on the importance of the senses and basing new learning on previous experience Four step lesson, careful pedagogy
55
Who wrote Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle
56
Cognitive development (morals) - who?
Lawrence Kohlberg
57
Who believed it is all about interaction with the environment?
Dewey. Active learning motivated by interest
58
What did Dewey believe on how we learn
Through active response, using things and learning consequences. Education must be both action and thought.
59
What was the social change Zygmunt Bauman identified between Marx's time and 1990s?
Consumer culture dominant rather than production and work.
60
Who split life into labour, work, action and felt we've lost the action ie political engagement giving us meaning
Hannah Arendt
61
Lawrence Kohlberg
Theory of stages of moral development. (culminating in rational autonomy)
62
Phenomenology / who started it
Husserl | Early 20th century
63
Is vs ought - who
Hume

Philosophy Of Education (2 decks)

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