Philosophers - in depth Flashcards
(19 cards)
Robert Owen’s Ideology
communism and class struggle: advocated for a classless, stateless society based on collective ownership of the means of production. Focused on the exploitation of the working class.
Robert Owens government roles
Government should eventually wither away after a proletarian revolution before that the government would be a tool of the working class to overthrow capitalism.
Robert Owens influences
witness the inequality and expectation of the workers during the industrial revolution.
Robert, Owens liberal stance
anti-liberal (opposed liberal capitalism advocating for socialism)
Thomas Hobbes ideology
Absolute monarchy and social contract: believed in the need for a strong centralized authority to prevent chaos. Arguing people surrender some freedoms for security.
Thomas Hobbs Government role
Government should be an absolute sovereign with total control to ensure order and security, preventing tyranny. + Social contract
Thomas Hobbs liberal stance
anti-liberal: authoritarian against liberal ideas of democratic government
Baron de Montesquieus ideology
Separation of powers: advocated for the division of government powers in branches to prevent tyranny and protect individual freedoms.
Baron de Montesquieu government role
Gov. should be structured with separate branches to check and balance each other, avoiding abuse of power
Baron de Montague’s influences
observed the absolute monarchy in France and admired the British constitutional system.
Baron and Montesquieu liberal stance
Classical liberal: advocated for liberty, separation of powers and constitutionalism.
John Stuart Mill’s ideology
natural rights and gov. by consent: emphasized life, liberty, & property as natural rights, advocating for a gov. limited by consent of the governed.
John Stewart Mill government role
Gov. should protect individual liberty, but intervene to prevent harm to others, ensuring public welfare.
Jon Stewart Mill influences
experiences with the abolition of slavery and women’s rights in Britain, leading him to advocate for social reforms based on maximizing happiness
Jon Stuart Mill liberal stance
Modern liberal: focus on individual rights, personal freedom, and utilitarianism
John Locke ideology
natural rights and government by consent: emphasize life, liberty, and property as natural rights advocating for government limited by consent of the governed. people are reasonable and logical.
John Locke government role
Government is to protect natural rights (life, liberty, and property) with the consent of the governed & beloved in a social contract.
John Locke influences
Thomas Hobbs influences
Look through the Civil War, seen firsthand, the chaos and violence caused by lack of central authority.
