Philosophical Perspective of the Self

Question 1

Employs the inquisitive mind to discover the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles of everything.

Answer 1

Philosophy

Question 2

The self is synonymous with the soul. He believes that every human possesses an immortal soul that survives the physical body.

Answer 2

Socrates

Question 3

He explains that the essence of the self-the soul-is the immortal entity.

Answer 3

Socrates

Question 4

He suggests that man must live an examined life and a life of purpose and value.

Answer 4

Socrates

Question 5

An unexamined life is not worth living.

He is a Greek Philosopher.

Answer 5

Socrates

Question 6

The Self is an immoral soul

He is a Greek philosopher

Answer 6

Plato

Question 7

He believes that the self is synonymous with the soul. His philosophy can be explained as a process of self-knowledge and purification of the soul.

Answer 7

Plato

Question 8

The three-part soul introduced by Plato

Answer 8

Reason
-The essence that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths.

Physical appetite
- Includes our basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

Spirit or Passion
- Basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, and empathy.

Question 9

He believes that the soul is merely a set of defining features and does not consider the body and soul as separate entities.

Answer 9

Aristotle

Question 10

The three kinds of soul

Answer 10

Vegetative soul
- The physical body that can grow.

Sentient soul
- Sensual desires, feelings, and emotions.

Rational
- What makes man human. It includes the intellect that allows man to know and understand things.

Question 11

The self has an immortal soul.

He is an African philosopher.

Answer 11

St. Agustine

Question 12

He integrates the ideas of Plato and the teachings of Christianity.

Answer 12

St. Agustine

Question 13

The Physical body is radically different from and inferior to its inhabitant, the immortal soul.

Answer 13

St. Agustine

Question 14

I think therefore I am.

French Philosopher

Answer 14

René Descartes

Question 15

He is the father of modern philosophy.

Answer 15

René Descartes

Question 16

He wants to penetrate the nature of reasoning process and understand its relationship to the human self.
The Latin phrase “Cogito ergo sum” I think therefore I am.

Answer 16

René Descartes

Question 17

He contends further that if man reflects thoughtfully, he will realize that there are two dimensions of the human self.
The self as a thinking entity
The self as a physical body

Answer 17

René Descartes

Question 18

The self is consciousness

He is an English Philosopher

Answer 18

John Locke

Question 19

The human mind at birth is tabula rasa or a blank state.

Answer 19

John Locke

Question 20

The self, or personal identity, is constructed primarily from sense experiences- or more specifically, what people see, hear, smell, taste, and feel.

Answer 20

John Locke

Question 21

Conscious awareness and memory of previous experiences are the keys to understanding the self.
The essence of the self is its conscious awareness of itself as a thinking, reasoning, and reflecting identity.

Answer 21

John Locke

Question 22

There is no self

He is a Scottish philosopher

Answer 22

David Hume

Question 23

He suggests that if people carefully examine their sense experience through the process of introspection, they will discover that there is no self.
What people experience is just a bundle or collection of different perceptions.

Answer 23

David Hume

Question 24

Impressions are basic sensations of people’s experience such as hate, love, joy, grief, pain, cold, and heat.
Ideas however are thoughts and images from impressions so they are less lively and vivid.

Answer 24

David Hume

Question 25

We construct the self | He is the German philosopher.

Answer 25

Immanuel Kant

Question 26

He suggests that the self that makes experiencing an intelligible world possible because it is the self that is actively organizing and synthesizing all of our thoughts and perceptions.

Answer 26

Immanuel Kant

Question 27

The self is the product of reason, a regulative principle because the self regulates experience by making unified experience possible.

Answer 27

Immanuel Kant

Question 28

The Self is Multilayered | He is an Austrian psychoanalyst

Answer 28

Sigmund Freud

Question 29

He is not a philosopher, but his views on the nature of the self have a far-reaching impact on philosophical thinking, as well as other disciplines such as psychology and sociology.

Answer 29

Sigmund Freud

Question 30

The three layers of self according to Freud

Answer 30

Conscious - Governed by the "reality principle." The Conscious part of the self is organized in ways that are rational, practical, and appropriate to the environment. Unconscious - The part of the self that contains the basic instinctual drives including sexuality, aggressiveness, and self-destruction; traumatic memories; unfulfilled wishes and childhood fantasies; and thoughts and feelings that would be considered socially taboo. Preconscious - Contains material that is not threatening and is easily brought to mind.

Question 31

The self is the way people behave | British philosopher

Answer 31

Gilbert Ryle

Question 32

He believes that the self is best understood as a pattern of behavior, the tendency or disposition of a person to behave in a certain way in certain circumstances.

Answer 32

Gilbert Ryle

Question 33

His concept provides the philosophical principle, "I act therefore I am" He considers the mind and body to be intrinsically linked in complex and intimate ways.

Answer 33

Gilbert Ryle

Question 34

The self is the brain | He is a Canadian Philosopher

Answer 34

Paul Churchland

Question 35

He advocates the idea of eliminative materialism or the idea that the self is inseparable from the brain and physiology of the body.

Answer 35

Paul Churchland

Question 36

The self is embodied subjectivity | He is a French Philosopher

Answer 36

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Question 37

He argues that all knowledge about the self (e.g., understanding the nature of the self) is based on the "phenomena" of experience.

Answer 37

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Question 38

The "I" is a single integrated core identity, a combination of the mental, physical, and emotional structures around a core identity of the self. People will discover that the mind and body are unified, not separate.

Answer 38

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Question 39

Phenomenology of Perception by Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Answer 39

Everything that people are aware of is contained within the consciousness.