Philosophy Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
In Philosophy what matters is the ———- and NOT the ANSWER.
A
question
2
Q
Wonder is the feeling of a philosopher, and philosophy starts with WONDER
A
Socrates
3
Q
philosophizing
A
WONDER - →QUESTION- → REASONING PROCESS → CRITICAL THINKING
4
Q
philia’ ‘Philo’ or ‘philein’
A
love
5
Q
sophia
A
wisdom
6
Q
Philosophy is THE —————— in their ULTIMATE CAUSES or PRINCIPLES acquired by the NATURAL LIGHT OF REASON ALONE.
A
SCIENCE OF ALL THINGS or BEINGS
7
Q
SCIENCE..
from the Latin ——means to know
A
‘scire’
8
Q
Philosophy is a science
A
It aims for CERTITUDE.
- It strives to know the WHYS OF THINGS
- It involves CRITICAL THINKING that includes questioning, analyzing, synthesizing, evaluating, and judging.
9
Q
TWO TYPES OF BEING:
St. Thomas Aquinas
A
Necessary and Contingent
10
Q
GOD -Exists eternally;
No beginning or end
A
Necessary
11
Q
HUMAN - Existence is caused
A
Contingent
12
Q
looks into the REASON and ULTIMATE WHY’S and WHERETOFORE’S of all things
A
Ultimate causes
13
Q
IT MEANS THE ‘HUMAN REASON’
A
Natural Light of Reason
14
Q
Branches of Philosophy
A
MAPALETECS
15
Q
beyond
A
meta
16
Q
nature/physical
A
physikon
17
Q
Investigates the FUNDAMENTAL NATURE of reality, being and existence.
A
Metaphysics
18
Q
Question of REALITY and BEING.
A
Metaphysics
19
Q
Questions about NON-PHYSICAL WORLD such as; “do angels exist?”
A
Metaphysics
20
Q
sense of perception
A
aisthetikos
21
Q
studies beauty and the Art
A
aesthetics
22
Q
man’s creativeness/skills
in doing things beautifully
A
art
23
Q
quality attributed to whatever pleases the beholder such as form, color, behavior.
A
beauty
24
Q
mind, soul, spirit
A
psyche
25
study of
logos
26
Studies the nature and functioning of the mind.
Pilosophical or Rational Psychology
27
known as the science of behavior and the “theory of the mind”
Pilosophical or Rational Psychology
28
worth or value
axios
29
Nature of values and Value judgments.
axiology
30
Analyzes the meaning, characteristic, origin, types, criteria, and knowledge of values.
axiology
31
word of
logos
32
treatises or thought
logike
33
Science and art of correct thinking
LOGIC
34
METHODS OF ARGUMENT
LOGIC
35
customs, manners the right and wrong in man’s behavior
| and the morality of human acts and conducts.
ethos
36
man and actions
ethics
37
God
Theos
38
right, just
dike
39
Studies the nature, being, goodness and justice of God in the light of reason alone
theodicy
40
knowledge
episteme
41
study of
logos
42
study of the origins, nature, truthfulness, and validity of knowledge.
Epistemology
43
WORLD or UNIVERSE
kosmos
44
STUDY of
logos
45
Study of the universe or world including its origin, dynamics and characteristics, as well as the laws that govern its order.
cosmology
46
theory of the universe
cosmology
47
Philosophical search for knowledge of the ultimate foundation of the state, it ideal form and its basic power
Social or Political Philosophy
48
Man and State
Social or Political Philosophy
49
Ancient Philosophers (Cosmocentric)
Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, Pythagoras, Democritus
50
primary substance is WATER
Thales
51
Primary Substance: Boundless, unchanging,
| undefined. (Apeiron)
Anaximander
52
Man is a being that has evolved from the animals of another species lower than his, in fact from fish.
Anaximander
53
Primary Substance: AIR
anaximenes
54
Air undergoes 2 processes
Condensation and Rarefaction
55
Air is ------ for life- all known living creatures need air to survive
central
56
Primary Substance: FIRE
Heraclitus
57
The world is in a constant CHANGE.
Heraclitus
58
“You can not step in the same river twice.”
Heraclitus
59
The only permanent thing in this world CHANGE.”
Heraclitus
60
The world is made up of Numbers
Pythagoras
61
All things take up SPACE and have MEASURE.
Pythagoras
62
Primary Substance: ATOMS
Democritus
63
tiny, imperceptible, indestructible, indivisible, eternal and uncreated
Atoms
64
Man is ------- a world
Himself
65
understand man in the context of the world.
Greek philosophers
66
ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY
cosmocentric
67
Socratic Period 470– 300 B.C (ANTHROPOCENTRIC) Philosophers
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
68
Gifted thinker of ancient Athens who helped lay the foundation of Western Philosophy
Socrates
69
The human soul should be nurtured properly.
Socrates
70
Socrates- Through acquisition of
KNOWLEDGE, WISDOM AND VIRTUE. (knowledge of good life)
71
KNOWING WHAT IS RIGHT MEANS DOING WHAT IS RIGHT!
Socrates
72
KNOWLEDGE ＋ VIRTUE = WISDOM =
HAPPINESS
73
The “IDEALIST
Plato
74
Born into a wealthy family in the second year of the Peloponnesian War
Plato
75
high forehead
Plato
76
The nature of man is seen in the metaphysical --------- between ----- and -----
DICHOTOMY, BODY & SOUL
77
Material; it cannot live and move apart from the soul; it is mutable and destructible.
Body
78
Immaterial; it can exist apart from the body; it is immutable and indestructible.
Soul
79
exists prior to the body.
Soul
80
a Soul using a Body
Man
81
Rational level
(enables man to think, reflect, analyze
and draw conclusions)
Head
82
```
Spiritual level
(makes man assert and experience abomination and anger)
```
Chest
83
Appetitive level
| hunger, thirsts, physical wants
Stomach
84
highest level that distinguishes man from brutes
Rational part
85
Man can control his appetite and self-assertion of spirit through
Reason
86
controls both Spirit and Appetite = well – balanced personality.
REASON
87
Appetitive and Spiritual
Mortals
88
Rational
Immortal
89
Idea is
eternal
90
“real” or “encyclopedist” or “inspired common sense” or “the prince of those who know”
Aristotle
91
Studied under Plato at the Academy
Aristotle
92
Son of a Macedonian doctor, returned home to become the teacher of Alexander of Macedon for three years, beginning in 343 BCE.
Aristotle
93
Later returned to Athens to open school called
| the Lyceum in 335 BCE
Aristotle
94
Aristotle Believed in the ‘--------------’
GOLDEN MEAN
95
all things follow the middle course; by avoiding extremes, one will enjoy a maximum of happiness and a minimum of pain.
GOLDEN MEAN
96
a RATIONAL ANIMAL.
Man
97
No dichotomy between ------------------------
BODY and SOUL.
98
has no life, it can only possess life when it is united to the soul.
Body
99
principle of life; it causes the body to live.
Soul
100
3 kinds of Soul
Vegetative
Sensitive
Rational
101
Kinds of Soul of Man
Rational
102
Kinds of Soul of Animals/Brutes
Sensitive
103
Kinds of Soul of Plants/Vegetation
Vegetative
104
highest type because it has the power to unite itself with the lower part
Rational Soul
105
Functions of Vegetative soul:
1. It feeds itself
2. It grows
3. It reproduces
106
Functions of sensitive soul:
1. It feeds itself
2. It grows
3. It reproduces
4. It has feelings (particularly pain and pleasure)
107
Rational soul is capable of
THINKING, REASONING AND WILLING
