PHILOSOPHY Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
PHILOSOPHY
A
Etymology
2
Q
Philo
A
Loving
3
Q
Sophia
A
Knowledge, Wisdom
4
Q
answering question regarding the name and existence of man and the world we live in
A
Philosophy
5
Q
Who said human choice was motivated by the desire for HAPPINESS
A
SOCRATES
6
Q
- Ultimate wisdom comes from knowing ONESELF
A
SOCRATES
7
Q
A moral epistemological and injunction
A
KNOWTHYSELF
8
Q
a Dualist, there is a both IMMATERIAL MIND (SOUL) and MATERIAL BODY
A
PLATO
9
Q
The soul (mind) itself is divided into 3 parts
A
o REASON
o APPETITE
o WILL
10
Q
He thinks that by turning inwards and upwards
A
ST. AGUSTINE
11
Q
Inwards
A
acquiring knowledge from the environment
12
Q
Upwards
A
knowledge you acquired you need to use that to become a better, you will transcend to heaven
13
Q
He believe to divine trinity
A
ST. AGUSTINE
14
Q
Depends on moral and intellectual perfection
A
Se cogitare
15
Q
accounts for the unity of consciousness and identity of the self
A
Se nosse
16
Q
He begins with an argument known commonly as the COGITO
A
RENE DESCARTES
17
Q
AMCOGITO ERGO SUM
A
I think Therefore I AM
18
Q
defined as something that is capable of existing independently of all things besides the sustaining power of body.
A
SUBSTANCE
19
Q
is consider as a substance
A
MIND
20
Q
an “EMPTY” mind
A
TABULA RASA
21
Q
Propose TABULA RASA
A
JOHN LOCKE
22
Q
PERSONAL IDENTITY is not the brain, but in
A
CONSCIOUSNESS
23
Q
there is no mind or self.
A
DAVID HUME
24
Q
The perception that one has are only active when one is
A
conscious
25
appears to be reducing personality and cognition to a machine that may be turned on and off
DAVID HUME
26
He is a Dualist, used INNER SENSE to depend the HETEROGENEITY of body and soul
IMMANUEL KANT
27
mind and our soul, it is more on our psychological state.
INNER SELF
28
Physical body, more on performing acts
OUTER SELF
29
PSYCHOANALTIC THEORY
SIGMUND FREUD
30
3 MODEL OF THE PSYCHE
ID , EGO , SUPER EGO
31
Pleasure principle, it is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains and aggressive drives and hidden memories
o ID
32
Reality Principle, it is the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super ego.
o EGO
33
Moral Principle, it operates as a moral conscience
o SUPER EGO
34
When the male baby was born, he has automatically sexual urges forward his mother
- Oedipus Complex
35
When the female baby was born, she has sexual urges toward her father.
- Electra complex
36
Unfulfilled wishes and as a warning
INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS
37
- ONLY I AM ABLE TO PERCIEVE AND EXPERIRENCE THE STATES AND PROCESSES OF MY OWN MIND
GILBERT RYLE
38
it is a dualistic conception
- OFFICIAL DOCTRINE
39
He didn’t believe to mental states is equal to brain states. He believed to eliminate materialist
PAUL CHURCHLAND
40
"I LIVE IN MY BODY"
MAURICE MERLEU-PONTY
41
refers to a is a single integrated entity
I
42
"There is not a duality of substances but only the dialectic of living being in its biological milieu"
MAURICE MERLEU-PONTY
43
a natural synthesis of minds and biology and any attempts to divide their into separate entities are artificial and nonsensical
Our “Living Body”
44
latin word that means “COMPANION” or “ASSOCIATE
- Socius
45
Greek word for “STUDY OF”
LOGOS
46
the study of HUMAN SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP and INSTITUTIONS
- SOCIOLOGY
47
theories of the self-attempts to explain how social processes such as socialization influence the development of the self
- SOCIOLOGICAL
48
is the individual person, from his or her own perspective
The SELF
49
Is the capacity for introspection and the ability to reconcile oneself as an individual separate from the environment and other individuals
SELF AWARENESS
50
The general notation that a person has regarding the common expectation of others within his or her social group
GENERALIZED OTHER
51
The process of learning one’s culture and how to live within it
SOCIALIZATION
52
A group sharing a common understanding and often the same language, manners and etc.
- COMMUNITY
53
it is also called as INITIAL SOCIALIZATION, is when a child learns to interact, behave and talk in society through FAMILY MEMBERS
Primary Socialization
54
It occurs during the school year and adolescent years and happen through non-family influence
Secondary Socialization
55
is the theory that an individual’s peer groups, rather than parental figures influences his or her personality and behavior in adulthood
Group Socialization
56
Is the process whereby an employee learns the knowledge and skills necessary to assume his or her organizational role
Organizational Socialization
57
A. 7 FACTORS THAT AFFECT US
1. Family
2. Religion
3. Peer Group
4. Economic Systems
5. Legal System
6. Penal system
7. Language
58
2 Media that affect us
MASS MEDIA and SOCIAL MEDIA
59
One of the most important sociological approaches to the self was developed by American sociologist
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
60
it is the version of ourselves when we’re not socializing with others of MEAD
I self
61
it is the version of ourselves when we’re socializing with others of MEAD
Me Self
62
MAN, MANKIND, HUMAN, HUMANITY
Antropos
63
ancient Greek of LOGY
LOGIA
64
STUDY OF HUMANITY OR CULTURE
ANTHROPOLOGY
65
He is the father of communism
KARL MARX
66
He opposed the imperial version of anthropology when it was at its strangest, the problem was socio-political
KARL MARX
67
meant that some individuals became rulers and owners, while the rest become the proletariat, workers workout the freedom to choose in any useful way
CAPITALISM
68
It is the solution proposed by Marx in which the workers would once again, take control over their work.
COMMUNISM
69
He said that we have two society
EMILE DURKHIEM
70
have collective awareness and weak self-identity.
TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES
71
Have individual awareness and strong self-identity
WESTERN SOCIETIES
72
Describes actions or behavior that violate social norms
DEVIANT BEHAVIOR
73
A form of behavior which goes beyond the expected or approved behavior of the group
DEVIANT BEHAVIOR
74
4 Infractions of the sex code and laws
Rape
Prostitution
Pornography
Sexual Pervasion;
75
4 Sexual Pervasion
Zoophilia
Pedophilia
Necrophilia
Nymphomania
76
5 Infraction of life, liberty, property and against the state
- Abortion
- Child Abuse
- Wife/Husband battering
- Graft and Corruption
- Juvenile Delinquency
77
4 Infraction against self (Victimless Crime )
- Alcoholism
- Suicide
- Drug Abuse
- Prostitution
78
He thought that the individual was almost entirely the product of the social environment any self-hood was therefore imposed on the individual by the local culture
CLAUDE LEVI – STRAUSS
79
Another anthropologist with an interest in myth, took a very different view of selfhood in traditional societies
JOSEPH CAMPBELL
80
leads to the celebration of individual creativity which cannot actually exist
MODERN INDIVIDUALTY
81
all myths as carrying one single message
MONOMYTH
82
THIS MYTH HAS FOUR FUNCTIONS:
- To explain nature
- To Reconcile the conscious experience of life to the subliminal experience
- To establish the contains that society must place on the individual to ensure group survival
- To provide a template by which individuals should live and to ensure personal survival
83
He proposed that any anthropological study of the self-need to recognize the physical body. The human self is both subjective thing experienced in physical culture and an objective thing experience in a symbolic culture
THOMAS CSORDAS
84
it means "of the soul, spirit, psyche, or mind"
psycho
85
"Denotes the character, actions, or departments of knowledge"
Logos
86
Latin Word of PSYCHOLOGY
psychologia
87
The one who made the Cognitive constructivism theory
JEAN PIAGET
88
that result in changes in the structure of the self-system, namely how self-representation are organized
COGNITIVE DEVELOPEMENTAL PROCESSES
89
3 ways to learn the COGNITIVE DEVELOPEMENTAL PROCESSES
- Legit Experience
- Through making errors
- Looking for solutions
90
it is used when he or she thinking while socializing with others of William
THINKING SELF
91
IMPERICAL/EXPERIENCE SELF, it is the storage of all the past memories and his or her will experienced in the future of WILLIAM JAMES
ME – SELF
92
it is used when he or she thinking while socializing with others or the Thinking Self of WILLIAM JAMES
I – SELF
93
3 Global Self Evaluation
- Self-esteem
- Self-worth
- General self-concept
94
The domains of specific self-evaluation
- Cognitive competence
- Social acceptance
- Physical Appearance
95
is a theory which applies to human development and family dynamics.
SELF-DIFFERENTIATION THEORY
96
the ability to separate feelings and thoughts.
Differentiation (Separation) of self
97
person who can’t decide and separate the feelings and the thoughts
Undifferentiated People
98
process of freeing yourself from your family’ process to define yourself
Differentiation
99
The concept of REAL SELF VS IDEAL SELF is usually attributed humanistic perspective in psychology. Specially to
Carl Rogers
100
Defined from humanistic perspective, is the person we would like to be, our inspiration, our goals, the way we imagine our future.
IDEAL SELF
101
On the other hand this is what we really are, which, is not as simple as it sounds.
REAL SELF
102
In order to deal with neuroticism (Stress and Anxiety) our body have what?
Defense mechanism
103
said that the mind is composed of multiple such sub selves that are autonomous sets of psychological processes
David Lester
104
What are the 4 multiple sub selves that are autonomous sets of psychological processes
dreams, desires, emotions and memories
105
is the integration of the sub selves into one, however, integration is a task for the later part of life
Unified self
106
is inherently moral, good, and transcends situations and circumstances and culturally stable; governed by the moral code.
True self
107
accepts the existence of multiple selves, defined as others have defined them, but she introduced the division of multiple selves into major and minor selves and a number of fragmentary micros.
Rita Carter
108
is a “fully fleshed out character with thoughts, desires, intentions, emotions, ambitions and beliefs”.
Major
109
are less complex than majors and come out in particular situations
Minors
110
are “the building blocks of personalities—individual responses, thoughts, ideas, habit”, as small as a physical or vocal tic or a repeated intrusive thought or emotion
Micros
111
human functioning is a product of a reciprocal interplay of intrapersonal, behavioral and environmental determinants.
Albert Bandura
112
more likely to have an independent view of themselves
individualistic cultures
113
more likely to have an interdependent view of themselves
collectivistic cultures
114
relationships are often seen as voluntary, and it’s not uncommon to choose to end relationships that are not beneficial
individualistic cultures
115
are often seen as more stable and permanent.
collectivistic cultures
116
takes this pragmatic account to support an externalist conception of the self
Richard Menary
117
a mental structure, or the brain; it is distributed through embodied practices into the environment.
The Cartesian ego
118
He said that noting his proximity to recent conceptions of extended cognition. In complete contrast to what we normally take to be the Cartesian self.
John Dewey
119
Who said ‘Thinking, or knowledge getting, [and here we would insert ‘self’]
Dewey states
