Philosophy

Question 1

What does philosophy mean?

Answer 1

love of knowledge

Question 2

What is philosophy?

Answer 2

the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom through rational inquiry and critical thinking

Question 3

What are the philosophical thoughts in three views?

Answer 3

Cosmocentric, Theocentric, and Anthropocentric

Question 4

Explain cosmocentric thought

Answer 4

relating to the universe and nature

Question 5

Explain theocentric thought

Answer 5

the center of all reality is God

Question 6

Explain the argument from motion

Answer 6

potential motion becomes actualized when actual motion acts on it, therefore there exist a prime mover that actualized everything

Question 7

Explain the argument from efficient cause

Answer 7

everything has a efficient cause, nothing exists prior to itself, thus there must be an first uncaused causer

Question 8

Explain the argument from necessity

Answer 8

everything pertains to chance and almost everything is temporal, yet time is infinite, there must be necessary being given the improbability of our existence

Question 9

Explain the argument from gradation

Answer 9

we measure things in levels, therefore there must be a utmost highest level, the supreme good

Question 10

Explain the argument from design

Answer 10

the whole universe is intricately designed in a specific way working towards a goal

Question 11

Rationalism

Answer 11

some ideas are independent of experience and that some truths are known by reason alone

Question 12

Explain anthropocentric thought

Answer 12

humans alone possess intrinsic value therefore we are superior to all beings

Question 13

Empiricism

Answer 13

some ideas are independent of experience and that truths must be established by reference to experience alone

Question 14

What are the branches of philosophy?

Answer 14

Aesthetics, Metaphysics, and Logic

Question 15

Explain the branch of aesthetics

Answer 15

investigates beauty and art: every person defines beauty based on their own perspective

Question 16

Explain the branch of metaphysics

Answer 16

concerned with the nature of existence and the universe

Question 17

Cosmology

Answer 17

focused on understanding the origin, evolution, fate, and laws of the universe

Question 18

Ontology

Answer 18

investigates existence and their relationship with one another

Question 19

Explain the branch of logic

Answer 19

the science of the correct processes of reasoning

Question 20

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 20

making generalized conclusions based on specific scenarios

Question 21

Deductive Reasing

Answer 21

use of facts, definitions, accepted properties

Question 22

What are logical fallacies?

Answer 22

arguments that commit leaps of logic, flawed

Question 23

Ad Hominem

Answer 23

argument that attacks the opponent

Question 24

Red Herring

Answer 24

argument that attempts to shift the debate’s focus by introducing irrelevant information

Question 25

Equivocation

Answer 25

a vague statement crafted to mislead or confuse by the using ambigous words and phrasing

Question 26

Slippery Slope

Answer 26

argument claims that a event or series of event will follow one starting point based on invalid supporting evidence

Question 27

Argumentum Ad Miserecordium

Answer 27

argument that attempts to win you over by elliciting empathy

Question 28

Bandwagon

Answer 28

claiming a statement is true because the majority believes in it

Question 29

Straw Man

Answer 29

distortion of someone’s argument by taking it out of context, focusing on one point, or introducing a extreme version of their argument

Question 30

Appeal to Authority

Answer 30

claiming a statement is true because a person of authority says so

Question 31

Tu Quo Que

Answer 31

turning an allegation back on the accuser

Question 32

Petitio Principii

Answer 32

when we use the our claim as a premise to the conclusion