Philosophy

Question 1

Cosmological Argument 1
Contributor – St. Thomas Aquinas

Answer 1

• Way 1: The Unmoved Mover – an efficient cause is needed to change somethings state, this efficient cause also has an efficient cause. This set of efficient
  causes cannot have infinite regress; must be a first
  changer (God)
• Way 2: The Uncaused Causer - Every effect has a cause, but this cause also had a cause. However, this chain of causes cannot be infinite. Must be a first causer (God)
• Way 3 – Contingency and Necessity - the world consists of contingent beings. Logical necessity that at one time there were no contingent beings. Must be a necessary being (God) capable of bringing contingent
  beings into existence.

Question 2

• Based on 9th century Kalam argument.
  1. Everything has a cause for its existence.
  2. The universe began to exist.
  3. The universe MUST have a cause.
  4. Science not explain - cause must be
  personal creator (God).
• Universe not infinite because actual
  infinities are impossible (absurd).
• ‘Proves’ this by giving an ‘analogy of a library’ with infinite red and black books.

Answer 2

Cosmological Argument 2 (Kalam)
Contributor – William Lane Craig