Philosophy

Question 1

Metaphysics

Answer 1

• The branch of philosophy that considers questions to do with nature and structure of reality
• Topics include: freedom of will, personal identity, and nature of space and time

Question 2

Premise

Answer 2

-One of the claims an argument makes in order to support its conclusion

Question 3

Sound

Answer 3

-When an argument is valid with true premises

Question 4

Valid

Answer 4

• The truth of its conclusion follows from the truth of its premises
• If premises are all true, no way conclusion can be false

Question 5

Dualism

Answer 5

• Any view that holds that there are two distinct kinds of things in some domain
• Ex: Mind/body dualism: mind is different kind of thing from physical world

Question 6

Leibniz’s law

Answer 6

-Two things are identical (one and the same) if they share all the same properties

Question 7

Ability Knowledge

Answer 7

• “know-how”
• Knowing how to do something
• Ex: riding a bike or swimming
• Opposite: propositional knowledge, might know how to do something without having propositional knowledge

Question 8

Propositional Knowledge

Answer 8

• Knowledge that something is the case
• Proposition: What is stated by a declarative sentence, that something is the case
• In order to have knowledge of a proposition, proposition must be true and believed

Question 9

Classical Account of Knowledge

Answer 9

• Knowledge is defined as justified by true belief
• Plato
• Tripartite: three-part account of knowledge

Question 10

Skeptical Hypothesis

Answer 10

• A scenario in which you are radically deceived about the world and yet your experience of the world is exactly as it would be had you not been deceived
• Problem: We seem unable to know they are false
• Motivate skepticism

Question 11

Radical skepticism

Answer 11

-We do not know very much, particularly when it comes to our beliefs about the external world

Question 12

Epistemology

Answer 12

• Theory of knowledge

* What is knowledge?

Question 13

Philosophy

Answer 13

• Activity of working out the right way to think about things
• To understand: engage w/ philosophical problems, questions, and arguments

Question 14

4 Noble Truths

Answer 14

1. There is suffering
2. There is the origin of suffering
3. Theres is the cessation of suffering
4. There is a path to the cessation of suffering
   
   • suffering is not eternal, things don’t last forever
   • We are impermanent and so is everything around us
   • Not wise to develop attachment to things
   • Need to develop observational patterns in order to pay attention to reality
   • Mediation: time aside to pay attention to oneself

Question 15

The 5 Skandhas

Answer 15

1. Physical form
2. Feelings
3. Perceptions
4. Mind formations
5. Consciousness

Question 16

Engaged Buddism

Answer 16

1. Buddhists who are seeking ways to apply the insights from meditation practice and dharma teachings to situations of social, political, environmental, and economic suffering and injustice
2. Watering the seeds of justice every day
3. Founded by Thich Nhat Hanh

Question 17

Anthropocentrism

Answer 17

-humans are the pinnacle of evolution