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Philosophy and basics chiropractic Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

DD Palmer

A

Founder of chiropractic; thoughts, traumas, and toxins; coined innate intelligence and tone of nervous system

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2
Q

BJ Palmer

A

developer of chiropractic; hole-in-one upper cervical technique; nerve tracing

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3
Q

Carver

A

pelvic distortion and structural approach theory of subluxation; the spine is weight bearing and adapts to stress

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4
Q

Cox

A

Flexion/distraction technique in which axial traction and flexion reduces extrusion of disc

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5
Q

DeJarnette

A

SOT, CSF flow pumping action of sacrum and cranial dura

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6
Q

Faye

A

Motion palpation and vertebral subluxation complex

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7
Q

Fuhr

A

Activator, leg length inequality

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8
Q

Galen

A

first to use terms lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis and inflammation

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9
Q

Gilet

A

developed motion palpation technique;

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10
Q

Gonstead

A

laid down biomechanical basis for chiropractic adjustments

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11
Q

Goodheart

A

applied kinesiology and muscle testing

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12
Q

Hadley

A

stated: subluxations, disc herniations and exostoses may produce pressure on doral nerve root

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13
Q

Hippocrates

A

Father of medicine; first to mention spine related to body health

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14
Q

Hieronymus

A

first doctor to use the word subluxation 1746

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15
Q

Illi

A

theory: injured joint becomes fixed as edema develops; researched pelvis and SI joint biomechanics; Illi’s superior intracapsular ligament

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16
Q

Korr

A

developed segmental facilitation theory; Neurons become hyper-responsive and irritable; muscle spindles influence motor activity not joint receptors; CNS hyperactive activates gamma motor activity

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17
Q

Langworthy

A

first book on chiropractic 1906; subluxation to describe misalignment narrowing IVF; flow of nerve injury and brain as life force

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18
Q

Lilard

A

first patient to be adjusted by DD palmer

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19
Q

Logan

A

measures vertebral misalignment from the sacrum upwards using full spine x-rays

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20
Q

Nimmo

A

acupressure on trigger points as well as addressing posture. Receptor-tonus technique

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21
Q

Selye

A

general adaptation syndrame (gas); stress can cause disease without adaptation; 1st alarm reaction, 2nd resistance, 3rd adaptation

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22
Q

Stephenson

A

33 principles of chiropractic; safety pin cycle

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23
Q

Thompson

A

segmental drop adjusting and leg length inequality

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24
Q

Weed

A

Coined the term chiropractic

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25
epistemology
study of nature, basis and the extent of knowledge
26
Holism
in nature living organism as a whole are greater than the sum of their parts
27
vitalism
functions of a living organism are due to a vital essence distinct from physicochemical forces and that the processes of life are not explicable by the known laws and physics and chemistry alone
28
Neural compression.traction hypothesis
DD palmer; subluxations cause nerve compresssion; interrupts action potentials;
29
Axoplasmic aberration/trophic hypothesis
axoplasmic flow in nerve altered with irritation or compression; the nerve is KEY in this theory
30
cord compression hypothesis
BJ palmer; only place where the spinal cord can be compressed was at the occipito-atlanto-axial area;
31
proprioceptive insult/segmental facilitation hypothesis
Irvin korr; fixed vertebral segment activates mechanoreceptors (muscle spindles) and nociceptor; muscle is KEY to this theory
32
Somatoautonomic reflex hypothesis
receptors activated by a subluxation cause somatic response; somato-somatic reflex; somato visceral reflex
33
Neuroimmunomodulation hypothesis
neural dysfunction can modify immune response via stresses; based on Selye's General adaptation syndrome
34
General adaptation syndrome
hans selye; body responds to acute stress by increasing immune response and responds to chronic stress by decreasing immune response. 1st stage:alarm 2nd resistance 3rd exhaustion
35
Vascular insufficiency/vertebral basilar artery insufficiency hypothesis
cervical subluxations cause distortion or compression of vertebral arteries
36
vertebral subluxation complex hypothesis
Faye; vertebral subluxation is altered bony alignment; segmental dysfunction can lead to intervertebral subluxation and spinal degeneration
37
Inflammation hypothesis
acute or chronic inflammation predispose spinal articular lesions due to inflammatory
38
gate theory of pain
wall and melzack postulated activation of large diameter fibers may inhibit smaller afferent fibers (mechanoreceptors inhibiting pain fibers)
39
blood supply to the head, brain and ear
C1
40
Tonsils
C2-C3
41
Nose, mouth, palatine tube
C4
42
neck glands, pharynx, tonsils
C5-C6
43
Heart
T2
44
Lungs, bronchial tubes, pleura
T3
45
Gallbladder, common bile duct
T4
46
Liver
T5
47
stomach
T6
48
Pancreas, duodenum
T7
49
Spleen
T8
50
Adrenal glands
T9
51
Kidneys, ureters
T10-T11
52
Sex organs, uterus and bladder
L3
53
Prostate gland, testes
L4
54
Cervical facet orientation
Back up medial
55
Thoracic facet orientation
Back up lateral
56
Lumbar facet orientation
Back medial
57
Lumbosacral facet orientation
Back
58
IVF boundary superior
pedicle/inferior vertebral notch of vertebra above
59
IVF boundary inferior
pedicle and superior vertebral notch below
60
IVF boundary anterior
V-body and disc
61
IVF boundary contents
spinal nerve, nerve roots, dorsal root ganglion, spinal artery and veins, sinuvertebral nerve, transforaminal ligaments and connective tissue
62
Vertebral artery origin
1st part of subclavian artery
63
Vertebral artery part 1
from subclavian artery to transverse foramen of C6
64
Vertebral artery part 2
tvrse foramen of C6 to C1
65
Vertebral artery part 3
C1 to behind lateral mass and up to foramen magnum
66
Vertebral artery part 4
from foramen magnum to its termination
67
Vertebral artery termination
by join with its counterpart to form the basilar artery
68
Vertebral artery most vulnerable
part 3 with extreme rotation and hyperextension
69
Nerve fibers: Aalpha
motor fiber largest
70
nerve fibers: Abeta
sensory; touch, vibration, discriminatory touch
71
nerve fibers: Agamma
sensory muscle spindle proprioception
72
nerve fibers: Aomega
sensory fast pain, temperature and crude touch
73
nerve fibers: B
autonomic pre-ganglionic autonomic fibers
74
nerve fibers: C
unmyelinated smallest ANS and sensory postganglionic slow pain
75
Mechanoreceptors: ruffini endings
type 1 stretch joint
76
Mechanoreceptors: Pacinian corpuscle
type 2 joint and skin vibration
77
Mechanoreceptors: golgi tendon organs
type 3 stretch
78
Mechanoreceptors: free nerve endings
type 4 stretch and pain
79
Mechanoreceptors:meissner
texture rapid
80
Mechanoreceptors: merkel
pressure
81
Mechanoreceptors: muscle spindle
stretch
82
Cervical coupling
lateral flexion coupled with rotation of spinous away from side
83
Lumbar coupling
lateral flexion coupled rotation of spinous toward same side
84
Thoracic coupling
upper thoracic matches cervical coupling and lower thoracic matches lumbar coupling
85
hysteresis
loss of energy via heat
86
Creep
sustained load causes deformation
87
eccentric contraction
muscle lengthens during contraction
88
concentric contraction
muscle shortens during contraction
89
bell-magendie law
anterior horn of spinal cord is motor and posterior horn is sensory
90
wolffs law
bone remodels according to stress
91
davis law
soft tissue remodels in response to demands
92
heuter-volkmans law
pressure on epiphysis retards the rate of growth
93
hilton's law
the nerve innervates a muscle that acts on joint
94
spondylisthesis type 1
dysplastic = congenital defect
95
spondylisthesis type 2
isthmic = pars alteration
96
spondylisthesis type 3
degenerative = MC L4 40 y/o females
97
spondylisthesis type 4
traumatic = fx other than pars
98
spondylisthesis type 5
pathological = bone disease like pagets
99
spondylisthesis type 6
iatrogenic = post surgical intervention
100
Facet tropism
asymmetry of right and lieft facets at L5/S1

boards 2 (4 decks)

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