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Flashcards in Philosophy II Midterm Deck (100)
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1
Q

“Medical” Manipulation

A
  • regular physicians that wanted to reduce misalignments and treat “nerve irritation”
  • general, non-specific (“long-lever”)
  • very few b/c afraid of contagious disease, TB that is associated with the Lower Class
2
Q

Non-Medical Manipulation

A

= “Bone setters”

  • non-medical tradition
  • “craft” or form of folk healing
  • popular in working class (lower class)
  • general (“long-lever”)
3
Q

“heroic medicine”

A

= blood letting, laxatives; focused/worried about germs

4
Q

Who founded Osteopathic Medicine?

A

A.T. Still in 1873

5
Q

What is Osteopathic Medicine (Osteopathy/D.O.)?

A
  • manipulation to ensure proper blood flow to body to maintain health
  • use drugs and surgery ONLY after manipulation was tried
  • manipulation was general and non-specific (like bone-setting)
6
Q

Chiropractic (D.C.)

A
  • founded by DD Palmer in 1895
  • manipulation –> called adjustment now
  • specific (“short-lever”)
  • drug and surgery = NOT necessary
  • adjustment ensure proper NS control by correct displacement of bone impinging on nerve
7
Q

“Founder” of Chiropractic

A

DD Palmer

8
Q

What type healing to DD Palmer use first?

A

Magnetic healing

9
Q

DD Palmer’s full name

A

Dr. Daniel David Palmer

10
Q

When was chiropractic discovered?

A

September 18th, 1985; Harvey Lillard was 1st person adjustment, he was deaf for 17 years after hurt his back; after DD adjusted him he regained hearing

11
Q

Who named “chiropractic”?

A

Rev. Samual Weed; Greek for “done by hand”

12
Q

When did DD Palmer start PSC?

A

1897; 15 students through 1902

13
Q

Who was the first graduate from PSC?

A

William A. Seekley, M.D.

14
Q

What major book to DD write?

A

The Chiropracter’s Adjuster

15
Q

Who is the “Developer” of chiropractic?

A

BJ Palmer = Dr. Bartlett Joshua Palmer

on his birth certificate it was Joshua Bartlett

16
Q

Facts about BJ Palmer

A

son of DD Palmer

  • only attended school to 7th grade (expelled for letting mice loose)
  • graduated from PSC 1902
  • 1906 Owned and Head of PSC
  • started WOC Radio and Television
  • Built garden ‘A Little Bit O’ Heaven’
17
Q

What associated did BJ Palmer found?

A

ICA = International Chiropractic Association

18
Q

Who was BJ Palmer’s wife?

A

Mabel Palmer

- had son David Palmer

19
Q

Who was the “first lady of chiropractic”?

A

Mabel Heath Palmer

20
Q

What book to Mabel Palmer write?

A

Chiropractic Anatomy

21
Q

Who is the “Educator” of chiropractic?

A

Dr. David D. Palmer = Dr. Dave

- he change the name to Palmer College

22
Q

Who was Dr. Dave’s wife?

A

Dr. Agnes Palmer

–graduated from PSC

23
Q

What is Dr. Agnes Palmer known for?

A

world-renowned sculptress

24
Q

Who founded Sigma Phi Chi?

A

Mabel Heath Palmer

25
Q

Who is the “Refiner” of chiropractic?

A

Vickie Palmer

  • daughter of Agnes and Dave Palmer
  • not a DC, but was on Board of Trustees at Palmer College
26
Q

Who was lawyer who became a DC, called himself “The Constructor”, and was an early friend and rival of DD and BJ?

A

Dr. Willard Carver

27
Q

Who opened American School of Chiropractic in Cedar Rapids, IA? (first significant school outside Palmer domain)

A

Dr. Solan Massey Langworthy

28
Q

Who were the co-authors of Modernized Chiropractic?

Who was the editor?

A

Langworthy and Smith

Editor was Dr. Minora Paxson

29
Q

Who founded and was president of the first professional organization, the American Chiropractic Association?

A

Solan Massey Langworthy

30
Q

Who may have been the first to use “subluxation”?

A

Langworthy

31
Q

What chiropractic journal did Langworthy start?

A

“The Backbone”

32
Q

Who established Naprapathy?

A

Dr. Oakley Smith

co-author to Modernized Chiropractic

33
Q

Who was the pioneer woman chiropractic?

A

Dr. Minora Paxson

may have been first person to receive a chiropractic license in Illinois under Illinois Medical Practice Act

34
Q

Who authored Spinal Adjustment and Rational Therapy?

A

Dr. Alva Gregory

35
Q

Who is Dr. Alva Gregory?

A

MD and DC; collaborated with DD in Oklahoma briefly

Palmer-Gregory School in OK City

36
Q

Who graduated from Palmer, was a PSC faculty, and then left to start National School of Chiropractic in Davenport?

A

Dr. John Howard

37
Q

Who were the 5 DCs that filed suit in “Wilk” Antitrust Lawsuit?

A
Dr. Chester Wilk
Patricia Arthur
Michael Pedigo
James Bryden
Steven Lumsden
38
Q

Who was the lawyer for the chiropractors in the Wilk case?

A

George McAndrews

39
Q

What/who did the chiropractors file suit against?

A
  • AMA
  • 11 other medical and osteopathic organizations
  • 4 inds. that were current officials of AMA
40
Q

Why was a suit filed for the “Wilk” case?

A

since 1963 the inds. engaged to “contain and eliminate” chiropractors
- AMA formed Committee of Quackery; sole purpose to destroy chiro profession

41
Q

When did the “Wilk” case come to trial and what was the outcome?

A

1980; 2 month jury trial; and AMA was NOT guilty

42
Q

When was the case appealed and what happened?

A

1983; appeals court reversed the decision and ordered new trial

43
Q

What was the new trial?

A
  • chiro’s dropped claim for monetary damage

- 2nd trial was a bench trial (heard only by a judge)

44
Q

When was the new trial and what was the outcome? Who was the judge?

A

1987; remaining defendants were found GUILTY
- judge was Judge Susan Getzendanner
- MD’s tried to appeal, but their appeal was denied and US supreme court refused to review the case
= ending 14 years of litigation and chiro’s WIN

45
Q

When was the final out-of-court settlement and what happened?

A

1991; any monetary award are chiropractic charities

  • chiropractic colleges in existent at the time got cash awards
    • Palmer put it toward research
46
Q

Who founded NACD?

A

(National Association of Chiropractic Doctors)
Danial Reisland, DC
- earliest known professional orgaization

47
Q

Who founded ACA #1?

A

(American Chiropractic Association)
Solon Langworthy
- lasted just a few years

48
Q

Who founded UCA?

A

(Universal Chiropractic Association)
BJ Palmer
- he withdrew b/c NCM effectively destroyed it

49
Q

Who founded ACA #2?

A

Carver’s graduates in OK

- reviled BJ’s UCA

50
Q

Who founded ACA #3?

A

broad-scope inds. advocating independence from influence of schools

51
Q

Who did the ACA #3 merge with? And what did they form?

A

left of UCA—> and formed National Chiropractor’s Association

52
Q

NCA

A

(National Chiropractor’s Association)

- largest ass. at the time

53
Q

Who founded Chiropractic Health Bureau? What did it later become?

A

BJ Palmer

later became International Chiropractor’s Association (ICA)

54
Q

What is the largest national organization favoring “Philosophically-based” chiropractic?

A

ICA
(International Chiropractor’s Association)
founded by BJ Palmer

55
Q

What did the NCA become?

A

ACA #4

56
Q

What is the largest national chiropractic organization?

A

ACA #4

57
Q

What happened when the ACA and ICA tried to merge?

A

they tried and again and FAILED

58
Q

Who was the only indvidual to head both ICA and then ACA?

A

Dr. Michael Pedigo

59
Q

Who founded IFCO?

A

(International Federation of Chiropractors and Organizations)
Dr. Thom Gelard of Sherman College of Straight Chiropractic
– known was FSCO

60
Q

FSCO

A

Federation of Straight Chiropractors and Organizations

61
Q

Who founded WCA?

A

(World Chiropractic Alliance)
Dr. Terry Rondberg
- attempt to unify profession

62
Q

WFC

A

(World Federation of Chiropractic)
international organization
- promote chiropractic worldwide level
central office in Toronto, Canada

63
Q

Segmental approach defined.

A

subluxation is described in terms of alterations in specific intervertebral motion segments

64
Q

Postural/structural approach defined.

A

subluxation is seen as a postural and/or motion distortion of whole spine (“closed kinetic chain”)

65
Q

Tonal approach defined.

A

view the spine and NS as a functional unit; goal is to “Clear” patient functionally

66
Q

What is included in the current Palmer Package?

A

Diversified
Gonstead
Thompson
Palmer Upper Cervical Specific/Toggle Recoil/HIO

67
Q

Full-spine segmental technique using HVLA

A

Diversified

HVLA = high velocity, low amplitude

68
Q

What technique did C.S. Gonstead create?

A

Gonstead technique, a full-spine segemental approach

69
Q

What is the Thompson Technique?

A

a full-spine segmental, uses drop sections

- C. Thompson = creater

70
Q

Who developed the Activator technique and what is it?

A

Lee and Fuhr

  • a full-spine segemental technique
  • uses instrument
71
Q

What is the other technique closely related to Activator?

A
Neuromechanical Technique
(developed by Christopher Colloca)
72
Q

Who developed Motion Palpation?

A

H. Gillet

  • form of spinal analysis and technique
  • full-spine segemental
73
Q

What is the Logan (Basic) Technique

A

Full-spine postural

74
Q

What are full-spine structural techniques?

A

Pettibon –B. Pettibon

Chiropractic Bio-Physics (CBP) – D. Harrison

75
Q

What is a full-spine, extremity soft tissue technique? And who was is developed by?

A

Nimmo Receptor-Tonus

R. Nimmo

76
Q

What did D. Epstein develop?

A

“Network” Spinal Analysis

- full-spine tonal

77
Q

Who discovered Torque Release Technique?

A

Jay Holder

- tonal/segmental

78
Q

What are the two tonal/segmental techniques?

A

Sacro-Occipital Technique (SOT)

Torque Release Technique

79
Q

Who developed Applied Kinesiology (AK)?

A

Dr. Goodheart

- tonal approach

80
Q

What the the 4 tonal approaches?

A

Applied Kinesiology (AK)
BEST
NET
DNFT

81
Q

What is BEST? and who developed it?

A

= Bio Energetic Synchronization Technique

  • developed by M.T. Morter
  • tonal approach
82
Q

What is NET? and who developed it?

A

= Neuro-Emotional Technique

  • developed by S. Walker
  • tonal approach
83
Q

What is DNFT? and who developed it?

A

= Directional Non-Force Technique

  • developed by Van Rumpt
  • tonal approach
84
Q

What did J. Cox develop?

A

Cox (Flexion-Distraction)

- a low-back disc treatment

85
Q

What are the Upper Cervical Specific Appraoches? (8)

A
Palmer Upper Cervical/Toggle Recoil/ HIO--BJ Palmer
Grostic
NUCCA
AO (Atlas Orthogonality)
Blair
Mears
Kale
Life Cervical
86
Q

Who developed NUCCA?

A

Ralph Gregory, M. Dickholtz

87
Q

Who developed AO?

A

(Atlas Orthogonality)

R. Sweat

88
Q

PSC graduate in Lacrosse, WI, has his PhD, and DO, he was found innocent of practicing medicine and osteopathy without a license on grounds he was practicing new profession–> chiropractic

A

Dr. Shigetaro Morikubu

- set important precedent for other legal cases around country

89
Q

What did Willard Carver do that was significant for chiropractic history?

A

developed schools and publishings

90
Q

Who left PSC and established Universal School of Chiropractic?

A

Joy Loban

91
Q

What did Tullius Ratiedge do?

A

helped chiro profession through education and writing in CA

92
Q

What did BJ Palmer introduce in 1924?

A

the neurocalometeer

- he lost significant influence in profession

93
Q

What ended educational reform and developments in chiropractic?

A

with Nugent being named the NCA’s Director of Education in 1941
- and culminating in the formation of the CCE

94
Q

What is the CCE?

A

Council of Chiropractic Education

- Nugent helped form

95
Q

Why is the Conference on the Research Status of Spinal Manipulative Therapy in 1975 signification?

A

it was a scientific meeting where D.C.s were involved for the FIRST time in a serious discussion of research and scientific issues on an EQUAL basis with M.D.s and D.O.s

96
Q

What happened in 1990?

A

Wilk antitrust suit was concluded and chrio’s were VICTORIOUS

97
Q

What occurred in 1992?

A

congress authorized commissioning of D.C.s in the armed forces

98
Q

What state passed the first state law to license chiropractors?

A

Kansas

99
Q

What was the last state to license chiropractos?

A

Louisinana

100
Q

The US office of education recognized what as the official accrediting body for chiropractic colleges?

A

CCE (Council on Chiropractic Education)