Philosophy Midterm

Question 1

What is philosophy of language?

Answer 1

Questions use of language

Question 2

Philosophy of language questions: (1)

Answer 2

Can you accurately convey your thoughts with words?

Question 3

What is philosophy of the mind?

Answer 3

Studies the nature of the mind

Question 4

Philosophy of the mind paths: (2)

Answer 4

Looking to map out the brain

…

Question 5

What is identity?

Answer 5

Each thing bears only to itself

Question 6

Identity questions: (2)

Answer 6

Why do we continue to call things the same when things continue to change?Why are you still you?

Question 7

What are the two ways to get knowledge?

Answer 7

Experience and reason

Question 8

Levels highest to lowest – states of mind: (4)

Answer 8

Intelligence – thinking - belief – imagining

Question 9

Descartes’s rules for direction of the mind: (3)

Answer 9

One. Never except anything for true – unless it is known to be so
Two. Divide each of the difficulty is under examination into as many parts as possible
Three. Conduct thoughts into such an order that by beginning with other objects…

Question 10

Was Plato a rationalist or empiricist?

Answer 10

Rationalist

Question 11

What did Emmanuel kant believe about knowledge?

Answer 11

Believed that both empiricism and rationalism equal knowledge

Question 12

What is rationalism?

Answer 12

A priori- Knowledge before experience

Question 13

What is empiricism?

Answer 13

A posteriori-Knowledge after experience

Question 14

What are the forms?

Answer 14

Perfect – unchanging – E ternal – General

Question 15

What happens when we are born? (Forms)

Answer 15

We forget the forms and get caught up in reality

Question 16

What is induction?

Answer 16

What we know right away (clear+distinct)

Question 17

What does deduction involve?

Answer 17

Investigation

Question 18

Explain Plato’s divided line.

Answer 18

Picture of the Apple-Apple-what is Apple-Apple “ness”

Question 19

Who is Renée Descarte?

Answer 19

Born in 1596-french philosopher

Question 20

Explain Descartes’s method of doubt.

Answer 20

To doubt everything to find what you can be certain about

Question 21

What six things is Descartes certain of?

Answer 21

One.Doubt
Two. Cogito – I think therefore I am
Three. Proof of god
Four. Proof of external things
Five. Ontological argument – God is perfect
Six. Mind – body problem(How do they interact)

Question 22

Who is David Hume?

Answer 22

Born 1711 – Scottish

Didn’t agree with descarte

Question 23

Was David Hume an empiricist or a rationalist?

Answer 23

Empiricist

Question 24

What did Hume believe?(descarte)

Answer 24

Impressions(Initial sensory experience) +ideas (turns into idea)

Every idea begins with impressions.

Question 25

Explain Humes matters of fact

Answer 25

Consist of those things that are known a posteriori,but What we consider true may not be true
Ex:sun rose today(matter of fact) but could NOT be true

Question 26

Who is Immanuel Kant?

Answer 26

Born 1724– German

Question 27

Explain epistemological synthesis theory

Answer 27

Combines rationalists and empiricist ideas – views

Question 28

What two dimensions of the structure of the mind does kant distinguish?

Answer 28

Sensibility – the minds ability to passively receive representations of physical things
Understanding –Cause and effect

Question 29

What are the two forms of sensibility?

Answer 29

Space and time

Question 30

Explain phenomena

Answer 30

Our filtered perception

Question 31

Explain noumena

Answer 31

What it actually is

Question 32

What is the difference between analytic and synthetic judgments?

Answer 32

Analytic –Already contained in the concept of something(Example horses are animals)
Synthetic –Affirms relation between the predicate(Affirm something that is not already in the concept of something)(Example text books are expensive)

Question 33

Who is Allison M. Jager?

Answer 33

Born 1942 – English

Question 34

Does Jager agree with rationalism?

Answer 34

No,Believes emotions are not bad

Question 35

What is replicability?

Answer 35

The principle that the experiments that lead to valid scientific conclusions must be able to be reproduced by other scientists

Question 36

According to Jager, why is scientific investigation never completely value free?

Answer 36

The findings of science are seen as value free because they are based on replicability.

Question 37

Explain outlaw emotions

Answer 37

Dominant group= white males(fit to rule)
Subordinate group = people of color and women

Dominant group = rational, objective, and credible
Subordinate group = emotional, Subjective, and epistemologically suspect