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MUSA231 > Philosophy of Music > Flashcards

Philosophy of Music Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

When was the Enlightenment?

A

17-18th Century (1685-1789)

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2
Q

What were the 4 main factors of the Enlightenment?

A

Science and Reason
Optimism
Anti-Authority
Humanism

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3
Q

When was Newtons’ Principia Mathematica published?

A

1687

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4
Q

When was the first Encyclopedia published?

A

1751

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5
Q

Name 4 Enlightenment Philosophers.

A

Matheson
Rameau
Rousseau
Kant

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6
Q

What was Matheson’s philosophy?

A

Humanism: what seems natural

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7
Q

What was Rameau’s philosophy?

A

Scientific orientation of music (sonata form and key relationships)

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8
Q

What was Rousseau’s philosophy?

A

Nature/state of nature

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9
Q

What was Kant’s philosophy?

A

critique of pure reason

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10
Q

What are the 4 main pillars of German Philosophy?

A

Introspection
Sensibility
Sense
Individualism

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11
Q

What was German Philosophy a reaction to?

A

population growth
urbanization
nationalism

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12
Q

Name 5 Key German Philosophers.

A

Kant (noumenal/phenomenal world)
Herder
Goethe (Sturm und Drang)
Schiller
Richter

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13
Q

What is the German term for “total artwork” (used by Wagner)?

A

Gesamtkunstwerk

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14
Q

What is Schopenhauer’s philosophy (as admired by Wagner?

A

Striving and Pessimism

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15
Q

Who was in the Conservative group in the Music of the Future Debate?

A

Brahms
Joachim
Schumann

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16
Q

Who was in the New German School?

A

Berlioz
Wagner
Liszt

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17
Q

When was Wagner’s first Music drama?

A

1841

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18
Q

When was Hanslick’s book written and what was it called?

A

On the Musically Beautiful 1854
Absolute music: music is not inherently expressive

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19
Q

What did On the Musically Beautiful assert?

A
  1. Music does not express emotion
  2. Understanding leads to appreciation (intellectual approach to music
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20
Q

When and where was the Belle Epoque?

A

Paris
Late 19th Century, Early 20th Century

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21
Q

Symbolism: What did Baudelaire’s poem say?

A

the landscape is born of the imagined

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22
Q

Name 4 Symbolist thinkers.

A

Baudelaire
Villiers
Maeterlinck
Mallarme

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23
Q

What famous play by Mallarme did Debussy turn into a symbolist ballet with the Ballet Russe? (Nijinksi)

A

L’apres-midi d’un faune

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24
Q

What did Stravinsky strive for (Hanslickian philosophy)?

A

“strive towards a greater abstraction”

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25
What did the Expressionist movement assert?
anxiety, sordidness, disorder
26
Name two Expressionist groups and two Expressionist painters.
Die Brucke Der Blaue Reiter Van Gogh (Starry night) Edward Munch (the Scream)
27
Name three Expressionist pieces by Mahler, Strauss, and Bartok respectively
Symphony no.6: Mahler Elektra 1909: Strauss Bluebeard's Castle 1911: Bartok
28
Which two movements did Schoenberg prescribe to?
Expressionism Neoclassicism
29
What did Descartes say in regards to Enlightenment thinking?
"I think, therefore I am"
30
What were the characteristics of Enlightenment Science?
observation, empirical testing
31
What were the characteristics of Enlightenment optimism?
Optimism in human capacity and power expecting progress attempts to cover all human knowledge (encyclopedia)
32
What were the two focuses of Enlightenment Anti-authority?
Church State
33
What is Humanism? (Enlightenment thought)
Humans choose to behave in a certain way for the good of humanity Social contract that dictates order (a taste of democracy in a monarchy)
34
How were sonata forms related to Enlightenment thinking?
Key relationships: rationality 2 key centres (Dominant and tonic) Note hierarchies
35
What is patronage?
wealthy aristocrats/barons paid musicians to compose and perform music
36
What is Pietism?
From Lutheran traditions suffering, introspection
37
Noumenal world
What is true
38
Phenomenal world
what we percieve the world to be
39
Individualism
communication as expression personal emotions actions over reason symbolism nostalgia/yearning
40
What is the purpose of Lieder?
Poetry to song Outer world reflects inner state of performer
41
What is an Aphorism (Schumann)?
pithy quote asserting truth/belief "Talent labours, genius creates"
42
What is Nationalism in reference to Romantic music?
A sense of identification ruling self power to the people
43
Who coined the term "The Sublime"?
Burke 1729-1797
44
What is the Sublime?
Terror to excite parallel of horror and thrill
45
Name two Romantic paintings that use The Sublime
Tiger Hunt 1854 Vesuvius from Portici
46
Name two of Wagner's operas that employ Gesamtkunstwerk
Parsifal Tristan and Isolde
47
What is the difference between Apollian and Dyonesian philosophy? Who coined the terms?
Apollian: logic Dyonesian: feeling Nietzche
48
What is striving (the Sublime)?
A quest for resolution highly pessimistic disillusionment and self-destruction must be used to find the world
49
What did the Formalist school believe?
Music should continue in Beethoven's wake (the Symphony)
50
What did the New German school believe?
Programmatic forms, nationalism, and breaking bonds were the way of progress
51
What is impressionism?
Looseness of style, capturing what is seen, not replicating
52
Who were the Bourgeoisie?
high society in the Belle Epoque clearly established rules and behaviours
53
What is Symbolism?
overlap of the arts reaction the Theory of Art Mystery Deep and profound art Mystical, idealistic
54
What is Primitivism?
emphasis on archaic forms Picasso's abstraction, exploring psyche
55
What are the roots of Expressionism? (1905-1930)
Failure of optimism freudian psychoanalysis pessimism (Schopenhauer, Wagner) Socialism Fauvism Cubism (art)
56
Beethoven said: "I hasten with....
joy towards my death"
57
Beethoven said: "Genius proclaims itself...
not in the unusual and the fantastic, but in the beautiful and the sublime"
58
Schumann said: "The laws...
of morality are also that of art"
59
Rousseau said: "We are...
born free and live in chains"
60
Wagner said: "It is not the...
individual mind ... but the collective"
61
Stravinsky said: "Sublime... "greater...
uprising" abstraction"
62
Schoenberg said: "concision...
and brevity"
63
Schoenberg said: "maximum...
spiritual excitement"

MUSA231 (5 decks)

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