Philosophy, Test 1

Question 0

Why should we care about philosophy?

Answer 0

To enrich lives and the world understanding

To confront deeper questions of world mad life

Question 1

What is philosophy?

Answer 1

Love of wisdom

Question 2

What are the qualities of critically thinking?

Answer 2

Open-minded
Knowledgeable
Mentally active
Curious
Independent thinkers
Skilled discussants
Insightful
Self-aware
Creative
Passionate

Question 3

What is “having” a philosophy?

Answer 3

A collection of beliefs used to guide his/her thoughts and actions

Question 4

What is doing philosophy?

Answer 4

Thinking critically and examining

Question 5

What were Bertrand Russell’s thoughts on the value of philosophy?

Answer 5

Everything has value

Examining one’s life for questions if it brings it up

Question 6

What is a premise?

Answer 6

Statements that support a conclusion

Question 7

What is a conclusion?

Answer 7

Statement that receives support from premises

Question 8

What type of argument moves from a specific premise to a general conclusion?

Answer 8

Inductive argument

Question 9

What are deductive arguments?

Answer 9

Statements that move from a general premise to a specific conclusion

Question 10

What are the branches of philosophy?

Answer 10

Metaphysics
Epistemology
Ethics
Political and social
Aesthetics
Logic

Question 11

What is the study of ultimate characteristics of reality/experience?

Answer 11

Metaphysics

Question 12

________is the study of knowledge for what we know and why we know it.

Answer 12

Epistemology

Question 13

What are ethics?

Answer 13

The study of moral values and principles

Question 14

_______________ is the study of social values and political forms of government.

Answer 14

Political and social philosophy

Question 15

What are aesthetics?

Answer 15

The study of beauty, art, and taste

Question 16

______________seeks to establish the rules of correct reasoning, clear understanding, and arguments.

Answer 16

Logic

Question 17

What is irony?

Answer 17

Form of rhetoric that has at least two conflicting meanings

Question 18

What is dialectic?

Answer 18

Dynamic exchange or method of contradiction

Question 19

What method uses dynamic questions and intellectual analysis?

Answer 19

The Socratic Method

Question 20

What are the types of fallacies?

Answer 20

False generalization
Causal
Relevance

Question 21

What fallacies is when someone jumps to conclusions too soon/quickly?

Answer 21

False generalization

Question 22

What is causal fallacies?

Answer 22

The state of attributing causes to events and situations

Question 23

What are the fallacies of relevance?

Answer 23

Arguments that appeal for support to factors that have little or nothing to do with the argument being offered

Question 24

What did the Pre-socratics say?

Answer 24

If the gods can't agree then how do we know the answer was true?

Question 25

What did Thales believe?

Answer 25

That the primal element of the universe was water

Question 26

Who suggested that the primal element of the universe was air?

Answer 26

Anaximander

Question 27

What did Heraclitus believe?

Answer 27

That the primal element of the universe was fire because "all change"

Question 28

Who believed that the world of change is an illusion and that reality is unchanging and eternal?

Answer 28

Parmenides

Question 29

What were some of the core teachings of Socrates?

Answer 29

The unexamined life is not worth living Truth lies within each of us We should strive for excellence in all areas of life No one knowingly does evil It's better to suffer wickedness than to commit it

Question 30

What did people in the Humeric Way believe?

Answer 30

Before philosophy myths provided explanations of natural phenomena for ancient Greeks

Question 31

________ focuses on myths and gods by using the method of interpreting the gods?

Answer 31

Humeric Way

Question 32

Natural Turn focuses on __________ by using the method of reason and observation.

Answer 32

Universe/natural world

Question 33

The Socratic turn focuses on the soul/self by using the method ____________.

Answer 33

Question and answer format

Question 34

Why was Socrates' death important?

Answer 34

He thought it was better to die virtuously than to admit to an untruth. He was still examining his life (philosophizing) as he was being sentenced. He didn't think death can be proven to be "bad."

Question 35

Socrates is known as the ___________ of western philosophy.

Answer 35

Father

Question 36

What are the 9 steps of the critical thinking process?

Answer 36

``` Initial statement Define the issues Illustrate your meaning with examples Explore origins of your position Identify your assumptions Support your point of view Consider other points of view Arrive at a conclusion Consider the consequences ```

Question 37

How do you make an initial statement of the critical thinking process?

Answer 37

Give a statement of how you feel about the certain topic

Question 38

How do you define the issue in the critical thinking process?

Answer 38

Start with from my point of view, the concept of _________ means __________.

Question 39

How would you illustrate an example of your meaning in the critical thinking process?

Answer 39

Generalize all of your personal examples and ideas

Question 40

How do you define "exploring origins of your position" on the critical thinking process?

Answer 40

Find out where your point if view started? Have you always had this same point of view?

Question 41

How would you identify your assumptions in the critical thinking process?

Answer 41

Give all the assumptions that you have that follow your position

Question 42

Next you should support your view in the critical thinking process. How would you do this?

Answer 42

Give facts about your position and explain how the facts were obtained

Question 43

Why should we consider other points of view on our position while evaluating the critical thinking process?

Answer 43

To show that we are knowledgeable in our stance on the position that we are holding. By looking at the other points from the other side we can have a better idea why we are standing on the side of the position that we chose

Question 44

What do you do when you arrive at a conclusion in the critical thinking process?

Answer 44

Determine whether we can make free choices and if we have clearly debated our point of view on the subject matter

Question 45

The last step in the critical thinking process is to consider the consequences. How would we do this?

Answer 45

This conclusion is what is likely to happen if our thought of this position is adopted

Question 46

How did the Sophists compare to Socrates?

Answer 46

``` Socrates Didn't want money for teaching people Didn't claim that he made people wiser Believe in universal Sophists Received money for teaching people Claimed they made people wiser Were relativists ```

Question 47

How did the Pre-socratics compare to Socrates?

Answer 47

Pre-socratics Believed that myths and gods had the answers but if the gods didn't agree how did they know the answer was true. Socrates Answered questions based on a question and answer method where would wouldn't give straight answer he would instead have the person he was talking to answer their own question