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Phlebotomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Airborn Transmission:

A

Infectious agent is carried by dust or droplet nuclei suspended in air.

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2
Q

Airborne Dust:

A

Material settled on surfaces and become resuspended by air currents.

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3
Q

Droplet Nuclei:

A

Less than 5 microns in size, may remain suspended for long periods of time and be blown over great distances.

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4
Q

Vehicles:

A

May indirectly transmit infectious agent; food, water, biologic products, and fomites.

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5
Q

Basophils:

A

Releases heparin and histamine.
Heparin inhibits coagulation making it possible for the other WBCs to flow.
Histamine causes vasodilation for increased blood flow to the area.

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6
Q

Eosinophils:

A

In response to parasitic infection. Also seen in response to allergic reactions.

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7
Q

Phagocyte:

A

Capable of absorbing bacteria.

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8
Q

Neutrophils:

A

Protects against bacteria and fungi.

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9
Q

Monocytes:

A

Performs the function of phagocytes. Help recognize pathogens.

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10
Q

Lymphocytes:

T Cells:

A

Release phagocytes and proteins.

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11
Q

Lymphocytes:

B Cells:

A

Produce antibodies.

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12
Q

Lymphocytes:

Natural Killer Cells:

A

Responce to cytokines.

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13
Q

Basophil %:

A

.5 - 1%

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14
Q

Eosinophil %:

A

2 - 4%

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15
Q

Neutrophil %:

A

40 - 60%

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16
Q

Monocyte %:

A

2 - 8%

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17
Q

Lymphocyte %:

A

20 - 30%

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18
Q

Phagocytosis:

A

Process where an antigen is engulfed, digested, and disintegrated by a phagocytic cell.

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19
Q

Platelets:

A

Clot blood. Present in fragments. AKA: Thrombocytes.

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20
Q

Hemostasis:

A

Stoppage of bleeding.

1: vasoconstriction
2: platelet plug formation
3: coagulation

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21
Q

Erythocytes:

A

Red Blood Cells.

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22
Q

Thrombocytes:

A

Platelets.

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23
Q

Leukocytes:

A

White Blood Cells.

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24
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Heme: Iron
Globin: Protein
Can hold up to 4 oxygen molecules.

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25
Deoxyhemoglobin:
Better compatible with carbon dioxide.
26
Oxyhemoglobin:
Better compatible with oxygen.
27
Normal RBC in Women:
4.2 - 5.4 million cells/microliter.
28
Normal RBC in Men:
4.7 - 6.1 million cells/microliter.
29
Average life span of RBC:
120 days.
30
Antibody:
Produced in the body in response to an invading micro-organism. Immunoglobulins.
31
Antigens:
Activate the immune response which leads to the production of antibodies.
32
Blood Groups:
ABO & Rhesus.
33
O can donate to:
A, B, AB
34
A can donate to:
AB
35
B can donate to:
AB
36
+:
Rh antigen is present.
37
-:
Rh antigen is absent.
38
Arterial System:
1. Aorta 2. Arteries 3. Arterioles
39
Three Layers of Arteries:
1. Tunica Intima 2. Tunica Media 3. Tunica Adventitia
40
Function of Arterial System:
Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.
41
Capillary function:
Provides oxygenated blood and nutrients to the organs while also collecting deoxygenated blood and waste from the organs.
42
Vasodilation:
Increase in diameter of the blood vessels.
43
Vasoconstriction:
Decrease in diameter of the blood vessels.
44
Venous System:
1. Venule 2. Vein 3. Vena Cava (superior & inferior)
45
Structure of Vessels:
1. Tunica Adventitia 2. Tunica Media 3. Tunica Intima
46
Structure of Capillary:
Single layer of Endothelial Cells.
47
Function of Venous System:
Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart.
48
Dorsal Metacarpal Vein:
Back of hand.
49
Cephalic Vein:
Farthest from body on inside of elbow.
50
Basilic Vein:
Closest to body on inside of elbow.
51
Median Cubital Vein:
Between Basilic and Cephalic veins.
52
Skin - Outtermost:
Epidermis.
53
Skin - Middle:
Demis.
54
Skin - Innermost:
Subvuteaneous/Hypodermis.
55
Integumentary System:
Skin, sweat and oil glands, nails, and hair.
56
Adipocytes:
Cells that store fat.
57
Dermis includes:
Upper Papillary Lower Reticular
58
Epidermis consists of:
1. Stratum Corneum 2. Stratum Licidum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Spinosum 5. Stratum Basale
59
❤️ - Right Atrium:
Recievew deoxygenated blood from superior and inferior vena cava.
60
❤️ - Right Ventricle
Receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium via the tricuspid valve and pumps out of the heart via the pulmonary artery to lungs.
61
❤️ - Left Atrium:
Receives oxygenated blood from lungs via the pulmonary vein.
62
❤️ - Left Ventricle:
Receives oxygenated blood from left atrium via the bicuspid valve and pumos out of the heart to the rest of the body via the aorta.
63
Pulmonary System:
AKA: Respiratory System.
64
Upper Respiratory:
Nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx.
65
Lower Respiratory:
Trachea, lungs(bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli)
66
Upper limb anatomy:
shoulder joint, humerus, elbow joint, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.
67
Lower Limb Anatomy:
Hip joint, femur, knee joint, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.
68
Nervous System:
Central: Brain and spinal cord. Peripheral: motor and sensory neurons.
69
Spinal Cord:
Carry and transfer signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
70
Brain:
In the skull, continues as the spinal cord in the vertebral canal.
71
Motor Neurons:
Somatic and Autonomic.
72
Somatic:
Voluntary movements.
73
Autonomic:
Involuntary movement.
74
Sensory:
Brings information back to the CNS from the stimulus receiving receptor.
75
Kidneys:
2 in number, all major processes of the urinary system.
76
Ureters:
Tubes that carry urine from kidneys to bladder.
77
Urinary Bladder:
Holds urine until it is expelled out.
78
Urethra:
Where urine is expelled out.
79
Micturition:
Voiding the urine.
80
Digestive System:
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
81
Peristalsis:
Passage of food through the esophagus.
82
Chyme:
Chewed food.
83
Liver:
Produces biles, which breaks down fat. Metabolism, detoxification, storage, and immunity.
84
Gallbladder:
Releases bile into small intestine.
85
Pancreas:
Both endocrine and exocrine gland. Produces insulin when blood sugar is high. Produces glucagon when blood sugar is low.
86
Endocrine System:
Pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, pancreas, adrenal, testes, and ovaries.
87
Sagittal/Median Plane:
Left and right of body.
88
Dorsal/Posterior:
Back of body.
89
Coronal/Frontal Plane:
Front and back of body.
90
Transverse/Horizontal Plane:
Upper and lower parts if body.
91
Superior:
On top.
92
Inferior:
Lower.
93
Ventral/Anterior:
Front of body.
94
Distal:
Away from point of reference.
95
Medial:
Towards the center.
96
Lateral:
Towards the side.
97
Proximal:
Towards point of reference.

Phlebotomy (6 decks)

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