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Phlebotomy > Phlebotomy Final > Flashcards

Phlebotomy Final Flashcards

1
Q

Fomite

A

A non-living surface that has been contaminated

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2
Q

Infection

A

Invasion of a host tissue by a disease causing organism

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3
Q

Virulence

A

Potency of the pathogen

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4
Q

Strict/Complete Isolation

A

Gloves, mask/respirator, gown

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5
Q

Droplet Isolation

A

Gloves, gown, mask, goggles/faceshield

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6
Q

Blood/Bodily Fluid Isolation

A

Gloves, gown, mask, shield

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7
Q

Respiratory Isolation

A

Mask/n95/respirator

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8
Q

Contact Isolation

A

Gloves and gown

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9
Q

Reverse Isolation

A

Mask, gown, gloves, baseline PPE

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10
Q

Infectious Waste

A

Any piece of equipment that has been directly exposed to a patient’s blood could pose a risk of infection.

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11
Q

FDA

A

Federal agency that oversees the regulation of drugs and the claims made by pharmaceutical companies. Evaluates the effectiveness of drugs based on research and makes information available to the public about outcomes of treatments with specific medications, devices and equipment. Also regulates food.

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12
Q

CDC

A

Responsible for monitoring occupational safety and health and providing education and standards for public health.

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13
Q

OSHA

A

Sets guidelines for workplace safety and employee training to reduce workplace accidents.

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14
Q

What is different about hand washing when contaminated with blood?

A

Use of an anti-microbial soap. After washing then use either 50% isopropyl or ethyl alcohol. Then washing again with the anti-microbial soap.

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15
Q

What information does a specimen label include at the minimum?

A

Patient name, time of draw, date and phlebotomist’s initials.

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16
Q

Median Cubital Vein

A

1st choice of veins. Center of A/C. Large and easy to palpate. Stable and anchored very well. No structures below to injure. Least likely to develop a hematoma.

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17
Q

Cephalic Vein

A

Usually the 2nd option for vein selection. Outside (lateral) edge of A/C. Straight and superficial. Rolls more.

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18
Q

Basilic Vein

A

Last option of veins for the A/C. It is the closest to the body on the A/C. Large and easy to palpate. Rolls less than cephalic. Often near or on top of the brachial artery and median cutaneous nerve.

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19
Q

How are hand draws different?

A

Smaller and more superficial veins. Use butterfly needle. Much more anchoring needed since veins aren’t anchored well.

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20
Q

What is the order of draw by color?

A

Yellow
Light Blue
Red, Red Tiger, Gold, Orange
Light Green, Green Tiger, Dark Green
Lavender/Pink
White/Pearl
Grey

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21
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red Blood Cells. Live 100-120 days. Hemoglobin abundant in cell membrane. No nucleus. Hemolyze easily.

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22
Q

Leukocytes

A

White Blood Cells. Indicates disease/infection. 5 types. Have a nucleus.

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23
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets. Main function is clotting/hemostasis. 5-9 day lifespan.

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24
Q

Reticulocyte

A

Immature/newly formed RBC. Formed in bone marrow.

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25
Q

Neutrophil

A

First responder to beginning stage of inflammation. Most prominent type of WBC in pus. Participates in phagocytosis.

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26
Q

Eosinophil

A

Responsible for mostly attacking multicellular parasites and certain infections. Helps with inflammation.

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27
Q

Basophil

A

Most uncommon type of WBC. Carry histamine which causes allergic reaction responses. Also causes antigen response.

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28
Q

Monocyte

A

Largest WBC. Responsible for protecting tissue from foreign matter by using phagocytosis.

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29
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Second most numerous WBC. Help with immune system. Two types (T and B cells)

30
Q

T-Cells

A

Directly attack pathogens.

31
Q

B-Cells

A

Release immunoglobulins which produce antibodies and spread through body to eliminate pathogens. Indirectly kill pathogens.

32
Q

Hemostasis

A

Clotting. Ability to clot and close wounds through vasoconstriction and platelet plug formation.

33
Q

Hematoma

A

Leakage of blood out of the vessel into surrounding tissue.

34
Q

Hemopoiesis/Hematopoiesis

A

Red Blood Cell production. Occurs in bone marrow

35
Q

Fibrin Clot Formation

A

A permanent clot is formed out of fibrin using a complex sequence of interactions.

36
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

Once the tissue has a repaired itself, the clot is no longer needed. A substance called plasmid breaks up the fibrin clot into small pieces called fibrin degradation products, which are then removed by specialized cells.

37
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

The vessel that was damaged narrows in order to slow the blood flow to the area.

38
Q

Platelet plug formation

A

A protein in the basement membrane of the vessel is exposed due to damage. It allows platelets to adhere to one another and to the injured area to cover over the damage.

39
Q

Steps of Hemostasis

A

Vasoconstriction
Platelet Plug Formation
Fibrin Clot Formation
Fibrinolysis

40
Q

Anemia

A

Lower than normal RBCs in circulatory system

41
Q

Leukemia

A

Higher than normal number of WBCs in circulatory system

42
Q

Neutropenia

A

Abnormally low levels of WBCs

43
Q

Polycythemia

A

Production of too many RBCs

44
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

Increased platelets in the circulatory system.

45
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Decreased platelets in the circulatory system

46
Q

How many liters do healthy adults usually have of blood?

A

5

47
Q

Where is blood on the pH scale compared to water?

A

It is more basic than water

48
Q

Bifurcation

A

Where arteries join together

49
Q

Confluence

A

Where veins join together

50
Q

Epicardium

A

Outer layer of heart. Contains coronary arteries which supply the muscle of the heart with blood.

51
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular middle layer of heart. Responsible for the contraction of the cardiac chambers.

52
Q

Endocardium

A

Smooth, glass-like, and innermost layer of heart. Smooth surface keeps blood from clotting as it passes through heart.

53
Q

Pericardium

A

Fibrous, fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart

54
Q

Capillaries

A

Site where cells exchange products of metabolism with adjoining cells.

55
Q

Arterioles

A

Last small branches of the arterial system and can dilate and contract depending on how much oxygen the tissue needs

56
Q

How many bones are in the body?

A

206

57
Q

Joints

A

Places where bones sit against other bones

58
Q

Ligaments

A

What connects bones and together

59
Q

Tendons

A

What attaches muscles to bones

60
Q

Visceral Muscle

A

Looks smooth and not striated. Lines the circumference of muscular arteries, lines the gastrointestinal tract, and functions in the pupillary light reflex in the eyes

61
Q

Which bones are responsible for hemopoeisis?

A

Long bones

62
Q

Transfixation

A

When the needle enters the top and punctures the bottom of the vein

63
Q

Venous Collapse

A

Pressure from the tube overpowers the vein and causes it to collapse

64
Q

Basal State

A

A resting metabolic state early in the morning after a 12 hour fast

65
Q

Petechia

A

Tiny red dots appear around area of a draw when small amounts of blood have entered the surrounding tissue. Usually only if there’s a clotting deficiency in patient

66
Q

How long should patients fast before a GTT?

A

10 hours

67
Q

Which test requires a tube to be pre-warmed before taking a sample?

A

Cold agglutinins

68
Q

Hematocrit

A

Packed red cell volume

69
Q

Finger sticks should be performed by what?

A

The ulnar nerve. By the pinky

70
Q

Depth of lancets

A

2.4 mm

71
Q

What is different about the order of draw with syringes?

A

Serum tubes go last

Phlebotomy (2 decks)

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