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Phlebotomy > Phlebotomy test > Flashcards

Phlebotomy test Flashcards

1
Q

5 phases of coagulation

A

1) Vascular (vessel constricts)
2) Platelet (cells clump to plug leak)
3) Coagulation (blood clot forms)
4) Clot retraction (clot shrinks as tear heals)
5) Fibrinolysis (clot dissolves)

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2
Q

6 links in chain of infection

A

1) Infectious agent
2) Reservoir
3) Portal of exit
4) Mode of transmission
5) Portal of entry
6) Susceptible host

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3
Q

Standard precautions

A

For all patients

Use PPE when handling bodily fluids

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4
Q

Airborne precautions

A

For infections spread via droplets SMALLER THAN 5 MICRONS

Wear respiratory protection

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5
Q

Droplet precautions

A

For infections spread via droplets LARGER THAN 5 MICRONS
Wear mask
Ex: pneumonia, streptococcal pharyngitis

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6
Q

Contact precautions

A

For infections spread through contact

Wear gloves and gown

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7
Q

Steps of communication cycle

A

1) Sender develops message
2) Sender encodes message into transmittable format
3) Sender transmits message
4) Receiver decodes the message
5) Receiver interprets the message
6) Receiver provides feedback

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8
Q

CLIA waived tests

A

Tests of least complexity to perform and with a low risk for error
Low risk for incorrect result

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9
Q

Exposure control plan

A

An OSHA compliant plan that explains ways to minimize or eliminate exposure to bloodborne pathogens

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10
Q

PHI

A

Protected Health Information

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11
Q

Informed consent

A

Patient signs a consent form after having received full information about the procedure in a language with understandable terminology

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12
Q

Expressed consent

A

Patient gives this orally or in writing on a consent form

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13
Q

Implied consent

A

Patient’s actions indicate that they are giving consent

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14
Q

Locations not to use for venipuncture

A

1) ABOVE an IV catheter
2) Arm that has a fistula, shunt for hemodialysis, central venous access device
3) Arm on same side of mastectomy
4) Site that has edema, scarring or hematoma

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15
Q

Semen specimen collection instructions

A

Protect from extreme heat or cold

Must be returned to lab within 1 hour after collection

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16
Q

Basal state

A

Condition of rest and fasting, usually for at least 12 hours

Usually in the morning after waking

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17
Q

Hematoma

A

Bruise

Collection of blood under skin

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18
Q

Phlebitis

A

inflammation of a blood vessel

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19
Q

Random urine

A

Urine specimen collected at any time of day

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20
Q

Sclerotic

A

Thickened or scarred vein caused by repeated venipuncture

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21
Q

EDTA

A

Anticoagulant

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22
Q

Hemoconcentration

A

Excessive accumulation of blood into an area of the body

Usually caused by a tourniquet left on too long or a patient pumping their fist

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23
Q

Hemostasis

A

Stopping of blood flow

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24
Q

Hemolysis

A

Destruction of RBCs
Causes falsely elevated potassium levels
Can result from a tourniquet being left on too long

25
Q

Iatrogenic anemia

A

Anemia caused by collecting too much blood

Most susceptible: older adults, children, and patients who are underweight

26
Q

Transfix

A

To puncture through both sides of the vein

27
Q

What can be used if a tourniquet is not available

A

Blood pressure cuff pumped to 40mm/Hg

28
Q

Angle used for venipuncture

A

15 to 30 degrees

29
Q

Conditions that newborn screenings detect

A 
CF
Hypothyroidism
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Galactosemia
Biotinidase Deficiency 
Sickle Cell
Human immunodeficiency virus
Toxoplasmosis
30
Q

Calculating infant blood volume

A

1) Convert weight to kg (divide lbs by 2.2)
2) Multiply kg by 100
3) Convert blood volume in mL to L

31
Q

Apheresis

A

Removal of blood plasma without withdrawing blood itself

32
Q

Autologous transfusion

A

When a patient donates blood to be used for their own needs for future use

33
Q

Biotinidase

A

Enzyme that breaks down biotin

34
Q

Galactosemia

A

Lack of enzyme that breaks down galactose into glucose

If untreated, the infant can slowly starve to death

35
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

High iron count

36
Q

Polycythemia vera

A

High RBC count

37
Q

PKU

A
  • Metabolic genetic disorder
  • Deficiency in hepatic enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase
  • Causes permanent intellectual disabilities, seizures, delayed development, behavioral problems, psychiatric disorders, lightening of skin and hair, and eczema
  • *PHENYLALANINE CAN BE FOUND IN MOST FOODS- IF NOT BROKEN DOWN IT CAN RISE TO TOXIC LEVELS IN INFANTS
38
Q

Postprandial

A

After a meal

39
Q

Therapeutic phlebotomy

A

Form of phlebotomy prescribed as treatment for patients who have polycythemia vera or hemochromatosis

40
Q

Critical value

A

Lab test result outside the expected range that can be life threatening

41
Q

Diluent

A

A solution that reduces the concentration of a specimen

Ex: water, saline

42
Q

Point of care (POC)

A

At or near the patient or at the patient’s bedside

43
Q

Reference Laboratory

A

Lab that is outside a patient care facility which can perform many more types of testing than the hospital lab

44
Q

Thermolabile

A

Sensitive to high temperatures

45
Q

EDTA tube tests

A

WBC

CBC

46
Q

Sodium citrate tube tests

A

Coagulation

PTT

47
Q

SST tube tests

A 
Pregnancy
Random glucose test
Bilirubin (protected from light)
Cold agglutinin (must be kept warm)
Lipid profile
48
Q

What can cause a vein to collapse?

A

Applying tourniquet too tight

49
Q

Tests that should be protected from light

A

Bilirubin

Vitamin B12

50
Q

Things that can cause falsely elevated potassium levels

A

Hemolysis

Using providone iodine

51
Q

PPE that should be worn while aliquoting a blood specimen

A

Face mask and gloves

52
Q

Chemistry department

A

Tests related to body chemistry

Ex: cholesterol, troponin, HDL

53
Q

Hematology department

A

Tests related to blood count

54
Q

Pathology department

A

Tests related to tissue samples

55
Q

What should be included on injury log when a needlestick occurs?

A

Department where injury occurred
Type and brand of device that caused it
Brief explanation of what happened

56
Q

Procedure for CPR on infant

A

30 compressions, 2 inches deep (3.8cm)

2 rescue breaths

57
Q

Order that contaminated PPE should be taken off

A

Most contaminated comes off first

1) Gloves
2) Goggles
3) Gown
4) Mask

58
Q

What should be included in quality control record?

A

Date of battery change

59
Q

Classes of fire

A

Class A: materials like wood, paper and cloth
Class B: liquids like paint, oil and gas
Class C: electrical equipment
Class D: metals like sodium, magnesium and titanium

Phlebotomy (1 decks)

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