Phonetics Flashcards
Articulatory phonetics
how speech sounds are produced; transcribing sounds
Acoustic phonetics
physical properties of speech sounds; acoustic analysis
Perceptual phonetics
Audition/vision; processing
Phonetics
physical description; more gradient, sounds as continuous objects
Phonology
sounds as abstract/symbolic units; more discrete; sounds patterns, properties of sound systems
Consonant
obstruction of airstream; articulators make constrictions in the vocal tract at various places of articulation
Vowels
no obstruction of airstream; tongue and lips make constrictions, responsible for vowel quality
Larynx
“voice box”; cartilage, muscle, connective tissue
Vocal fold
small muscular folds that can vibrate
Glottis
space between vocal folds
Possible states of vocal folds
Closed (glottal stop), close together (vibration: voicing), open (no vibration: voiceless)
Possible states of velum
Raised (closed): blocks off nasal cavity (oral sounds)
Lowered (open): allows air to travel through nasal cavity (nasal sounds)
Three articulatory parameters
Voicing + place of articulation + manner of articulation
Bilabial
Lower lip and upper lip (ex. [p], [b] [m])
Labiodental
Lower lip and upper teeth (ex. [f], [v])
Interdental
Tongue tip and upper teeth (ex. [θ], [ð])
Alveolar
Tongue tip/blade and alveolar ridge (ex. [t], [d], [s], [z], [n], [l])
Alveopalatal
Tongue blade and back of alveolar ridge (ex. [ʃ], [ʒ])
Palatal
Front of tongue and hard palate (ex. [j])
Velar
Back of tongue and velum (ex. [k], [g], [ŋ])
Glottal
Larynx and glottis (ex. [h])
Stop
complete oral closure; airstream fully obstructed
Fricative
narrow opening; turbulent airflow
Affricate
closure, then friction
