phonetics chapter- Anna Verlinden Flashcards
(20 cards)
phonetics
the study of the minimal units that makeup a language
articulatory phonetics
the study of the production of speech sounds
acoustic phonetics
the study of the transmission and the physical properties of speech sounds
auditory phonetics
the study of the perception of speech sounds
monophthongs
simple vowels composed of a single configuration of the vocal tract
diphthongs
complex vowels composed of a sequence of two different configurations
segmental features
voicing, place, and manner of articulation
voice bar
the dark band at the bottom of a spectrogram that indicates that a sound is voiced
spectrogram
a three-dimensional representation of sound in which the vertical axis represents frequency, the horizontal axis represents time, and the darkness of shading represents amplitude
stops
made by obstructing the airstream completely in the oral cavity
fricatives
made by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the vocal tract
affricates
complex sounds, made by briefly stopping the airstream completely and then releasing articulators slightly so that frication noise is produced
frication
a turbulent hissing mouth noise that is produced by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the vocal tract. the opening through which the air escapes is very small, and as a result a turbulent noise is produced
nasals
are produced by relaxing the velum and lowering it, thus opening the nasal passage through the vocal tract
aspiration
a puff of air that follows the release of a consonant sound where there is a delay in the onset of voicing. Symbolized by a superscript
Impressionistic Phonetic Transcription
A method of writing down speech sounds with the intent of capturing how they are pronounced. Usually based simply on how the sounds are perceived when heard without any special analysis
co-articulation
the influence of one sound on a neighboring sound
syllable
a unit of speech made up of an onset and ryhme
subglottal system
which is the part of the respiratory system located below the larynx
glottis
space between the vocal cords
